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History 

OF 

War  Savings  Campaign 

IN 

North  Carolina 
1918 


HISTORY 


OF 


WAR  SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 


IN 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


COMPILED  FROM  ORIGINAL  DOCUMENTS 

IN  OFFICE  OF  F.  H.  FRIES,  STATE  DIRECTOR, 

WINSTON-SALEM,  N.  C. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill 


http://archive.org/details/historyofwarsaviOOfries 


FOREWORD 


The  great  War  Savings  Campaign  of  1918  is  passed  and  it  has 
been  a  success.  The  amount  of  $48,666,380.00,  or  $20.00  per  capita, 
with  the  conditions  and  restrictions  imposed,  was  never  a  possibility. 
On  the  basis  of  relative  wealth  or  of  savings  deposits  the  allotment 
for  North  Carolina  should  have  been  about  $10,000,000.  The  actual 
sales  were  $27,649,397.00,  or  nearly  three  times  the  equitable  allot- 
ment. The  State  stands  first  in  per  capita  sales  among  South  At- 
lantic States  and  thirty-second  in  the  list  of  all  the  States,  so  far  re- 
ported. We  have  a  right,  therefore,  to  claim  that  the  effort  was  a 
success. 

Not  only  was  it  a  success  in  the  relative  amount  of  money  paid 
into  the  United  States  Treasury,  but  it  brought  intimately  together 
in  the  most  perfect  organization  ever  known  in  the  State  the  finest 
body  of  workers  from  all  political  parties,  of  both  sexes,  and  of  all 
denominations,  and  the  State  knows  itself  and  the  people  know  and 
esteem  one  another  as  never  before. 

The  campaign  was  a  success  as  manifested  by  the  report  of 
Savings  Banks,  over  and  above  the  amount  of  War  Savings  Stamps 
sold.  The  Savings  Deposits  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  increased 
41  per  cent  between  1914  and  1919,  largely  due  to  the  campaign  of 
thrift  promulgated  in  1918.  This  campaign  has  borne  good  fruit, 
the  seeds  of  which  will  continue  to  develop  for  generations  to  come. 

What  has  been  accomplished  was  only  made  possible  by  the  loyal 
and  enthusiastic  support  and  efficient  efforts  of  the  able  force  asso- 
ciated so  pleasantly  at  the  headquarters. 

To  these  workers,  to  the  members  of  the  executive  committee  and 
other  committees,  to  the  county  chairmen  and  other  county  workers, 
to  the  Merchants'  Association  and  the  manufacturers,  and  to  all 
workers  and  friends  engaged  in  this  campaign,  I  wish  to  extend  most 
sincere  acknowledgment  and  profound  thanks. 


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THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 
IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


CHAPTER  I 

Organization 

Appointment   of   State   Director 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  of  1918  in  North  Carolina  dates 
from  November  9,  1917,  which  was  the  day  on  which  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  W.  G.  McAdoo  offered  the  State  Directorship  of  War 
Savings  to  Col.  F.  H.  Fries  of  Winston-Salem,  N.  C,  President  of 
the  Wachovia  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  in  a  telegram  in  part  as 
follows:  "At  this  critical  moment  in  the  history  of  our  country  you 
will  have  an  opportunity  to  render  patriotic  service  of  great  value, 
and  I  shall  greatly  appreciate  your  making  whatever  sacrifice  is 
necessary  to  render  assistance  in  this  work."  On  the  following  day 
Colonel  Fries  replied:  "Your  message  .  .  .  finds  me  willing  to 
serve  the  government  and  you  in  any  way  that  I  can  within  the 
limitations  of  my  health."  A  few  days  later,  on  the  fifteenth  and 
sixteenth  of  November,  Colonel  Fries  attended  in  Washington  a  con- 
ference of  State  Directors  with  Secretary  McAdoo  and  the  National 
War  Savings  Committee,  of  which  Mr.  Frank  A.  Vanderlip,  Presi- 
dent of  the  National  City  Bank  of  New  York,  was  Chairman.  At 
this  conference  tentative  plans  for  the  conduct  of  the  campaign  in 
the  several  States  was  laid  before  the  State  Directors  for  their 
guidance. 

First  State-Wide  Meeting 

The  campaign  in  North  Carolina  was  actually  launched  at 
a  State-wide  meeting  held  in  Winston-Salem  on  November  24,  1917,  and 
composed  of  the  following  representative  men  and  women :  Gov.  T.  W. 
Bickett,  Raleigh ;  Parker  Anderson,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  J.  W.  Can- 
non, Concord;  H.  G.  Chatham,  Winston-Salem;  W.  B.  Cooper,  Wil- 
mington; J.  Elwood  Cox,  High  Point;  A.  H.  Eller,  Col.  F.  H.  Fries, 
H.  E.  Fries  and  J.  W.  Fries,  Winston-Salem;  Major  W.  A.  Graham, 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  Raleigh ;  James  A.  Gray,  Jr.,  and  Mayor 
R.  W.  Gorrell,  Winston-Salem;  George  A.  Holderness,  Tarboro; 
W.  A.  Hunt,  Secretary  North  Carolina  Bankers'  Association,  Hen- 
derson; Dr.  J.  Y.  Joyner,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and 
Mrs.  Clarence  Johnson,  President  North  Carolina  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs,  Raleigh;  R.  R.  King,  Greensboro;  Mrs.  J.  L.  Lud- 


6  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

low,  Clement  Manly,  Thomas  Maslin,  and  J.  Frank  Morris,  Presi- 
dent North  Carolina  Retail  Merchants'  Association,  Winston-Salem; 
T.  S.  Morrison,  Asheville;  Walter  Murphy,  Salisbury;  Col.  W.  H. 
Osborne,  Greensboro;  Senator  Lee  S.  Overman,  Washington,  D.  C.  ; 
Judge  Jeter  C.  Pritchard,  Asheville;  Mrs.  Eugene  Reilly,  Charlotte; 
C.  A.  Reynolds,  Mrs.  R.  J.  Reynolds,  Chairman  of  the  Women's 
Liberty  Loan  Committee,  W.  N.  Reynolds  and  Mrs.  W.  N.  Rey- 
nolds, Winston-Salem;  R.  H.  Ricks,  Rocky  Mount;  Wescott  Rober- 
son,  High  Point;  Dr.  Howard  E.  Rondthaler,  President  of  Salem 
College,  Winston-Salem ;  Capt.  G.  T.  Roth,  Elkin ;_  W.  C.  Ruffin, 
Mayodan;  R.  O.  Self,  Winston-Salem;  M.  L.  Shipman,  Commis- 
sioner of  Labor  and  Printing,  Raleigh;  Morgan  B.  Speer,  Charlotte; 
Gilbert  T.  Stephenson,  Winston-Salem;  R.  G.  Vaughan,  Greensboro; 
and  A.  D.  Watts,  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  Statesville.  The 
keynote  of  the  several  addresses  was  the  opportunity  that  the  War 
Savings  Campaign  would  give  to  teach  thrift  and  arouse  patriotism. 
Governor  Bickett  said  that,  if  no  other  good  came  out  of  the  cam- 
paign, the  people  would  be  educated  to  the  necessity  and  righteousness 
of  the  war. 

Meeting-  of  Editors 

This  meeting  of  representative  citizens  was  followed  the  next 
day,  November  25th,  by  a  meeting  of  the  editors  of  the  State,  held 
in  Winston-Salem  and  attended  by  the  following  newspaper  men : 
Parker  Anderson,  Greensboro  Daily  News;  E.  G.  Atkins,  Gastonia 
Gazette ;  R.  E.  Carmichael,  Twin-City  Daily  Sentinel ;  A.  W.  Cline,  N. 
L.  Cranford  and  M.  R.  Dunnagan,  Winston-Salem  Journal;  H.  R. 
Dwire,  Twin-City  Sentinel ;  W.  C.  Hammer,  Asheboro  Courier ;  Wade 
H.  Harris,  Charlotte  Observer;  J.  Paul  Leonard,  North  Carolina 
Trade  Magazine ;  Santford  Martin,  President  of  North  Carolina  Press 
Association  and  Editor  of  Winston-Salem  Journal;  Chas.  H.  Mebane, 
Catawba  News;  John  A.  Park,  Raleigh  Evening  Times;  Joe 
Robertson,  Madison  Messenger;  W.  E.  Rutledge,  Yadkin  Ripple; 
E.  L.  Starr,  Publicity  Department  of  Wachovia  Bank  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, and  C.  Frank  Stroud,  Davie  Record.  The  newspaper  men 
present  pledged  their  hearty  co-operation  in  the  campaign,  Mr.  Sant- 
ford Martin,  President  of  the  State  Press  Association,  saying,  "Here 
we  are;  use  us." 

The  purpose  of  both  these  meetings  was  not  to  announce  a  definite 
plan  of  campaign  but,  rather,  to  acquaint  the  leaders  of  the  State's 
thought  and  action  with  the  general  features  of  the  task  involved 
in  the  campaign. 

State  Organization 

The  first  step  in  the  campaign  was  the  creation  of  a  State  or- 
ganization   and   then   of   one   hundred   separate   county   organizations. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  7 

The    State    Director   at   once   opened    headquarters    in    the    Wachovia 
Bank   and  Trust   Company   building   and   put   in   charge   Mr.   R.   O. 
Self    in    the    capacity    of    Executive    Secretary    to    the    State    Director 
On  December  1  the  appointment  by  Secretary  McAdoo  of  Mr.  W.  B. 
Drake,  Jr.,  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Bankers'  Association,  as 
Vice-Director,  was  announced.     And  on  December  9  the  appointment 
of   the   following   State   Executive   Committee   by   Secretary   McAdoo, 
upon    the   recommendation    of    the    State    Director,    was    announced : 
Gov.    T.    W.    Bickett,    Raleigh;    J.    W.    Bailey,    Raleigh;    D.    H. 
Blair,    Winston-Salem;    Joseph    G.    Brown,    Chairman    Liberty    Loan 
Committee,  Raleigh;  Judge  Stephen' C.  Bragaw,  Washington,  N.  C. ; 
Judge  James  E.  Boyd,  Greensboro ;  J.  W.  Cannon,  Concord ;  H.  G. 
Chatham,    Winston-Salem;    Judge    H.    G.    Connor,    Wilson;    D.    Y. 
Cooper,  Henderson;  J.  Elwood  Cox,  High  Point;  R.  Theodore  David- 
son, Asheville;  R.  A.  Doughton,  Sparta;  W.  B.  Drake,  Jr.,  Raleigh; 
Carl  Duncan,  Raleigh;  A.  H.  Eller,  Winston-Salem;  W.  A.  Erwin, 
Durham ;  H.  E.  Fries,  Winston-Salem ;  Lieutenant-Governor  O.  Max 
Gardner,  Shelby;  Dr.  E.  K.  Graham,  President  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill;  Major  W.  A.  Graham,  Commissioner 
of     Agriculture,     Raleigh ;     James     A.     Gray,     Winston-Salem ;     J. 
Bryan  Grimes,  Secretary  of  State,  Raleigh ;  C.  J.  Harris,  Sylva ;  Dr. 
D.   H.   Hill,   Chairman   of   Council  of   Defense,   Raleigh ;   George  A. 
Holderness,   Tarboro ;   Eugene   Holt,   Burlington ;   Dr.   J.   Y.   Joyner, 
Superintendent  of   Public  Instruction,   Raleigh ;  R.   R.   King,   Greens- 
boro ;  B.  R.  Lacy,  State  Treasurer,  Raleigh ;  Clement  Manly,  Winston- 
Salem;  Judge   J.   S.   Manning,  Attorney   General,    Raleigh;   Santford 
Martin,    Raleigh;    Cameron    Morrison,    Charlotte;    T.    S.    Morrison, 
Asheville ;  A.  W.  McLean,  Lumberton ;  Hugh  McRae,  Wilmington ; 
Walter  Murphy,  Salisbury;  W.  C.  Newland,  Lenoir;  Nathan  O'Berry, 
Goldsboro;  Col.  W.  H.  Osborne,  Greensboro;  Robert  N.  Page,  Biscoe; 
Dr.  J.  M.  Parrot,  Kinston ;  Dr.  Clarence  Poe,  Raleigh ;  James  H.  Pou, 
Raleigh;  Judge  J.   C.   Pritchard,   Asheville;   Mrs*.   J.   Eugene   Reilly, 
Charlotte;  R.  H.  Ricks,  Rocky  Mount;  C.  A.  Reynolds,  Mrs.  R.  J. 
Reynolds,   and  W.   N.   Reynolds,  Winston-Salem;  Wescott   Roberson, 
High  Point;  Dr.  Howard  Rondthaler,  Winston-Salem;  W.  C.  Ruffin, 
Mayodan ;  R.  O.  Self,  Winston-Salem ;  M.  L.  Shipman,  Commissioner 
of  Labor  and   Printing,   Raleigh;   Morgan   B.    Speer,   Charlotte;   Dr. 
James   Sprunt,  Wilmington;  Gilbert  T.   Stephenson,  Winston-Salem; 
A.  D.  Watts,  Statesville;  Col.  W.  P.  Wood,  State  Auditor,  Raleigh; 
and  J.  R.  Young,  Commissioner  of  Insurance,  Raleigh. 

On  February  22,  1918,  the  appointment  of  Hon.  Robert  N. 
Page,  Biscoe,  as  a  Vice-Director  was  announced. 

In  addition  to  the  two  Vice-Directors  and  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee there  was  a  Central  Committee  of  local  men,  named  by  the 
State    Director   himself,    upon    whom    he    might    call    at    a    moment's 


8  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

notice.    They  were  Messrs.  J.  K.  Norfleet,  Chairman,  H.  G.  Chatham, 
H.  E.  Fries,  W.  N.  Reynolds,  and  H.  F.  Shafrner. 

In  May  the  State  Director  divided  the  State  into  several  districts 
and  named  a  chairman  of  each  district,  whose  duty  it  was  to  visit 
and  help  the  County  Chairmen  of  his  district  get  ready  for  the  June 
drive.  The  District  Chairmen  were  William  Burckel,  Asheville;  Dr. 
Chas.  E.  Reynal,  Statesville ;  J.  K.  Norfleet  and  O.  B.  Eaton,  Winston- 
Salem;  and  D.  C.  Barnes,  Murfreesboro. 

State   Headquarters 

Early  in  January,  1918,  the  State  Headquarters  were  moved 
from  the  Wachovia  Bank  and  Trust  Company  building  to  more 
commodious  quarters  and  thereafter  occupied  the  entire  first  floor  of 
one  of  the  Jacobs  buildings  on  Main  street,  Winston-Salem.  Mr. 
Gilbert  T.  Stephenson,  of  the  law  firm  of  Hastings,  Stephenson  and 
Whicker,  Winston-Salem,  became  a  member  of  the  Headquarters  staff 
on  November  24,  1917,  as  field  representative  of  the  War  Savings 
Committee.  Mr.  E.  L.  Starr  became  Publicity  Manager,  dividing 
his  time  between  the  War  Savings  Committee  and  the  Wachovia  Bank 
and  Trust  Company's  Publicity  Department.  By  the  middle  of  Jan- 
uary it  was  found  that  the  publicity  work  would  require  at  least 
one  man's  entire  time.  Mr.  Starr  resigned  in  order  to  give  his  entire 
time  to  the  Bank,  and  Mr.  J.  O.  Cobb,  of  Leak-Cobb  Company, 
Winston-Salem,  became  Publicity  Manager.  On  the  fourth  of 
February  the  State  Board  of  Health  granted  a  leave  of  absence  to 
Miss  Kate  M.  Herring  of  Raleigh,  who  came  to  the  State  Head- 
quarters to  take  charge  of  the  newspaper  publicity,  Mr.  Cobb  re- 
maining in  charge  of  the  other  branches  of  publicity.  Mr.  Cobb 
entered  the  aviation  branch  of  the  army  the  latter  part  of  May  and 
was  succeeded  as  Advertising  Manager  by  Mr.  B.  K.  Milloway,  head 
of  the  Publicity  Department  of  the  R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Company, 
which  company  gave  the  War  Savings  Committee  the  services  of  Mr. 
Milloway  during  the  remaining  six  months  of  the  campaign. 

The  State  Director  in  January  secured  Mr.  R.  G.  Stockton  of 
Winston-Salem  as  Director  of  Organization  to  have  charge  not  only 
of  the  organization  but  also  of  the  speakers'  bureau  and  the  sales 
agencies.  Mr.  Stockton  entered  the  Judge  Advocate's  Department 
of  the  Army  in  June  and  his  work  was  thereafter  divided  among  the 
other  members  of  the  Headquarters  staff. 

County  Organization 

Even  while  the  State  organization  was  being  perfected  the  county 
organizations  had  to  go  on  apace.  First,  one  hundred  County  Chair- 
men had  to  be  named  and  each   County  Chairman  had  to  have   an 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  9 

organization.  The  State  Director  made  diligent  inquiry  into  the 
availability  of  men  in  each  County  for  Chairman  and,  having  determined 
the  one  most  available,  wired  him  a  request  to  accept  the  chairman- 
ship. By  December  7,  he  was  able  to  announce  chairmen  for  seventy- 
eight  counties  and  on  December  11  he  announced  chairmen  for  twelve 
more.  Soon  thereafter  he  was  able  to  complete  the  list  of  one  hun- 
dred chairmen.  But  scarcely  a  week  after  the  list  was  completed  did 
it  remain  unchanged.  Some  chairmen  entered  the  military  service, 
others  left  the  county,  and  one,  Mr.  C.  P.  Matheson,  of  Alexan- 
der County,  died.  Only  forty  counties  finished  the  campaign  with 
the  same  chairmen  with  which  they  started.  One  ;'of  the  coun- 
ties had  as  many  as  five  chairmen,  four  as  many  as  four,  and  thir- 
teen as  many  as  three.  In  all  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight  people 
acted  as  County  Chairmen  during  the  year.  The  following  is  a  list 
of  those  who  have  served  as  County  War  Savings  Chairmen  during 
the  campaign  of  1918: 

County  Chairman  Address 

Alamance    _.E.   S.   Parker,   Jr Graham 

Lawrence  S.  Holt,  Jr Burlington 

Alexander    _ C.  P.  Matheson,  deceased Taylorsville 

F.  A.  Sharpe  _ Stoney  Point 

Alleghany    C.  W.  Higgins  _ Sparta 

Eugene   Transou   ..._ Sparta 

Anson   _...T.  L.  Caudle  _ Wadesboro 

T.  C.  Cox  Wadesboro 

Ashe    C.  M.  Dickson  Silas  Creek 

W.  R.  Baugess  Jefferson 

Avery   _ _ R.  W.  Wall  _ Newland 

Beaufort  E.  R.  Mixon  _ Washington 

Bertie    ..._ _ C.  W.  Mitchell  _ Aulander 

J.  H.  Matthews  Windsor 

Bladen    ..._ Byron  Clark  _ Elizabethtown 

Hector  H.  Clark Clarkton 

Brunswick   Dr.  E.  G.  Goodman  Lanvale 

E.  H.  Cranmer  _ Southport 

Burke    _ _ J.  F.  McGimsey  Morganton 

Charles   Lane  _ Morganton 

Buncombe  Hiden  Ramsey  _ Asheville 

T.  W.  Raoul,  Acting Asheville 

Cabarrus    H.  I.  Woodhouse  Concord 

Camden    _R.  C.  Dozier  South  Mills 

Caldwell    Jacob  Seagle  Lenoir 


10  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

County  Chairman  Address 

Carteret R.  T.  Wade Morehead  City 

Claude    Wheatley   Beaufort 

W.  A.  Mace  Beaufort 

Caswell    _ _.R.  T.  Wilson  Yanceyville 

Catawba    J.   D.  Elliott  _ Hickory 

A.  K.  Joy,  Acting  Hickory 

Chatham Leon  T.  Lane  Pittsboro 

Cherokee    J.  B.   Walker   Murphy 

L.  E.  Bayless  _ Murphy 

M.  E.  Cozad  Andrews 

M.  W.  Bell  Murphy 

Chowan    _ Frank  Wood  Edenton 

M.  L.  Wright  _... Edenton 

Clay L.  M.  Scroggs  Brasstown 

Cleveland    O.  M.  Mull Shelby 

O.  Max  Gardner  Shelby 

Geo.  A.  Hoyle  - Shelby 

Columbus  J.  A.  Brown  _ Chadbourn 

Craven   T.  A.  Uzzell  New  Bern 

W.  W.   Griffin   New  Bern 

Cumberland    John  A.  Oates  Fayetteville 

W.  M.  Walker  Fayetteville 

G.  C.  Trice  Fayetteville 

Currituck   Dr.  W.  H.  Cowell  Shawboro 

Davidson   _ Col.  G.  F.  Hankins  Lexington 

W.  L.  Crawford  Lexington 

Dare    _ R.  Bruce  Etheridge  Manteo 

Davie    E.  L.  Gaither  Mocksville 

Duplin    H.  McD.  Williams  Faison 

H.  L.  Stevens  Warsaw 

Durham   ..._ John  Sprunt  Hill  Durham 

Edgecombe    _ C.  A.  Johnson   _ Tarboro 

Forsyth  P.  A.  Gorrell  Winston-Salem 

Franklin  W.  H.  Yarborough,  Jr Louisburg 

Gaston    _John  W.  Carpenter  Gastonia 

Geo.  W.  Wilson  _ Gastonia 

Gates B.  L.  Banks,  Jr Gatesville 

R.  R.  Taylor,  Acting  Gatesville 

Graham   Earl  Tathem  Robbinsville 

Robah   Gray   _ Robbinsville 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  11 

County  Chairman  Address 

Granville  Ben  K.  Lassiter  _ Oxford 

John  Webb  Oxford 

J.  R,  Hall  Oxford 

Greene    _ J.  T.  Sugg  Snow  Hill 

F.  W.  Dixon  Snow  Hill 

Guilford  T.  R.  Faust  ...Greensboro 

Halifax  Walter  Daniel  Weldon 

A.  E.  Akers  Roanoke  Rapids 

Harnett    R.  L.  Godwin  Dunn 

B.  P.  Gentry  _ Lillington 

Haywood    J.  R.  Boyd  _ Waynesville 

Dr.  G.  D.  Greene  Waynesville 

S.  H.  Bushnell  Waynesville 

Henderson   Brownlow  Jackson Hendersonville 

C.  F.  Bland  Hendersonville 

Hertford    John  E.  Vann  Winton 

Hoke   Julian  W.  McLaughlin  Raeford 

J.  T.  Jerome,  Acting Raeford 

Hyde  : _ D.   H.   Carter  Fairfield 

Charles  Brim  Swan  Quarter 

A.  B.  Litchfield  Swan  Quarter 

G.  M.  Guthrie  Swan  Quarter 

Iredell  L.  B.  Bristol  Statesville 

Jackson    _.C.  C.  Buchanan  Sylva 

J.  N.  Wilson  Cullowhee 

F.  I.  Watson  Dillsboro 

Johnston    _...T.  S.  Ragsdale  Smithfield 

Jon,es    _ C.  T.  Rogers  Trenton 

Lee  _ S.  R.  Hoyle  Sanford 

J.  E.  Brinn   Sanford 

Lenoir  Dr.  J.  M.  Parrott  Kinston 

Lincoln   J.  B.  Johnston   Lincolnton 

D.  C.  Williams  Lincolnton 

McDowell    R.  F.  Burton  Marion 

W.  M.  McNairy  Marion 

D.  T.   Harris   Marion 

C.  W.  McCall   _ Marion 

Macon    „ W.   W.  Jones   Franklin 

M.  D.  Billings  Franklin 

John  H.  Crosby  _ Franklin 

C.  C.  Currier  Franklin 

Madison  John  A.  Hendricks  Marshall 


12  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

County  Chairman  Address 

Martin    „ Clayton  Moore  Williamston 

Mecklenburg  Paul  C.  Whitlock  Charlotte 

Edgar  W.  Pharr  _ Charlotte 

C.  G.  Gover  Charlotte 

Mitchell    ..._ Chas.  E.   Green  Bakersville 

J.  B.   Craigmiles  Bakersville 

Montgomery    W.  B.  Cochrane  Mt.   Gilead 

Moore  ..._ Junius  R.  Page  Aberdeen 

Nash   _ Leon  T.  Vaughan  _ Nashville 

New   Hanover   . ...Joseph  W.  Little  Wilmington 

George  Honnet  Wilmington 

Northampton    „ Garland  E.  Midyette  _ _ Jackson 

Onsjow    John  W.  Burton  _. Jacksonville 

George  Hurst  Jacksonville 

F.  W.  K.  Kellum  Jacksonville 

Orange    _ ~...S.  Strudwick  Hillsboro 

Pamlico    W.  J.  Swann  Stonewall 

Pasquotank    ..._ W.  G.  Gaither,  Jr Elizabeth  City 

W.  O.  Saunders  _ Elizabeth  City 

J.  B.  Leigh  Elizabeth  City 

Pender    _ J.  T.  Bland,  Jr _ JBurgaw 

Dr.  Ira  W.  Brown  Burgaw 

Perquimans   J.   S.  McNider   Hertford 

Person    E.  G.  Long  Roxboro 

N.   Lunsford   „ Roxboro 

F.  O.  Carver  Roxboro 

Pitt    _.D.  M.  Clark  Greenville 

R.  H.  Wright  _ Greenville 

Polk  _ „ W.  T.  Lindsay  Tryon 

B.  L.  Ballinger  Tryon 

Randolph  T.  Fletcher  Bulla Asheboro 

E.  L.  Moffitt  Asheboro 

Richmond  ..._ Fred  Bynum  Rockingham 

Claude  Gore  Rockingham 

Robeson    L.  R.  Varser  JLumberton 

Rockingham    Geo.  W.  Fraker  Spray 

J.  M.   Sharpe  Reidsville 

Rowan    W.  B.  Strachan  Salisbury 

Beverly  Lake,  Acting  _ Salisbury 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  13 

County  Chairman  Address 

Rutherford    _.W.  M.  Sherrod   Caroleen 

R.  E.  Price  Rutherfordton 

C.  D.  Geer  Rutherfordton 

Sampson  L.  A.  Bethune  Clinton 

H.  L.  Boyd  Clinton 

Scotland   W.  H.  Weatherspoon  Laurinburg 

Stanly   E.  L.  Ford  _ _ Albemarle 

W.  L.  Mann  Albemarle 

Stokes   .". _ Dr.  W.  C.  Slate  Walnut  Cove 

O.  N.  Petree  Walnut  Cove 

Surry  A.  V.  West  _ Mt.  Airy 

Swain    T.   D.  Bryson  Bryson    City 

J.   H.   Harwood   Bryson    City 

S.  W.  Black  Bryson    City 

Transylvania    R.  H.  Zachary  Brevard 

H.  N.  Carrier  Brevard 

J.  S.  Silversteen  Brevard 

Tyrrell   _ Dr.  J.  L.  Spruill  Columbia 

W.  S.  Carawan  Columbia 

J.   C.   Griffin  _ Columbia 

B.  B.  Jones  Columbia 

W.  M.  Laughinghouse  Columbia 

Union    R.  A.  Morrow  Monroe 

Vance    W.  A.  Hunt  Henderson 

Wake    Dr.  M.  C.  Horton  Raleigh 

John  A.  Park  Raleigh 

Warren  Marmaduke  Hawkins  Ridgeway 

John  Graham  Warrenton 

Washington  A.  W.   Swain  Plymouth 

Van  B.  Martin,  Acting  Plymouth 

Z.  V.  Norman  Plymouth 

Watauga    B.  B.  Dougherty  .Boone 

Wayne    Thomas  Norwood  _ Goldsboro 

C.  E.  Wilkins  Goldsboro 

Wilkes    C.  H.  Cowles  Wilkesboro 

Jos.   M.   Prevette   Wilkesboro 

Wilson    T.   F.  Pettus   Wilson 

Yadkin   J.  T.  Reece  Yadkinville 

Yancey   John  A.  Watson  Burnsville 

J.   M.  Lyon   Burnsville 

R.  W.  Wilson  Burnsville 


14  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

Three  types  of  County  organization  were  adopted,  one  after  the 
other.  In  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  the  County  Chairman  was 
asked  to  surround  himself  with  an  executive  committee  of  ten  leading 
citizens  of  the  County,  representing  the  several  professions  and  busi- 
nesses. Gradually  this  type  grew  into  the  second  which  called  for  a 
sub-committee  for  each  of  the  leading  community  interests.  The 
county  organization  as  finally  completed  and  announced  provided  for 
a  chairman,  vice-chairman,  secretary,  publicity  manager,  executive 
agents  who  were,  ex  officio,  the  county  superintendent  of  schools,  city 
superintendent  of  schools  (if  there  was  a  city  or  large  town  in  the 
county),  county  farm  demonstrator,  county  home  demonstrator,  and 
county  health  officer,  an  executive  committee  composed  of  the  officers 
and  chairmen  of  the  several  sub-committees,  a  committee  on  War  Sav- 
ings Societies  composed,  as  a  rule,  of  a  representative  of  each  of  the 
other  sub-committees,  finance  committee,  school  committee,  com- 
mittee on  speakers,  committee  on  churches,  committee  on  fraternal 
orders  and  other  organizations,  women's  committee,  committee  on 
banks,  stores,  and  railroads,  publicity  committee,  manufacturers'  com- 
mittee, committee  on  colored  people,  and,  in  agricultural  counties,  a 
committee  of  farmers.  A  complete  organization  under  this  plan  would 
take  from  seventy-five  to  a  hundred  and  twenty-five  of  the  leading 
men  and  women  of  the  county.  This  form  of  organization  was 
especially  adapted  to  a  campaign  of  education,  inasmuch  as  there  was 
a  special  committee  to  present  thrift  propaganda  to  each  group  of 
citizens.  But  the  plan  was  not  at  all  adapted  to  soliciting  pledges. 
And  when  Mr.  Vanderlip  announced  the  June  drive,  it  became  neces- 
sary to  effect  a  new  organization  in  each  County  in  the  State.  This, 
the  third  plan  of  organization,  called  for  a  County  Chairman,  a  chair- 
man for  each  township  in  rural  districts  and  for  each  ward  in  cities 
and  towns,  and  canvassers  for  each  neighborhood.  This  compact, 
geographical  organization  was  adapted  to  canvassing  and  soliciting  and 
reporting  pledges.  The  second  type  of  organization,  which  was  but  an 
outgrowth  of  the  first,  was  the  one  under  which  the  counties  operated 
from  the  time  of  their  organization  in  the  early  months  of  1918  until 
the  first  of  June.  The  third  type  was  the  one  under  which  they 
operated  the  balance  of  the  year. 

Organization    of    Colored    People 

Although  a  committee  on  colored  people,  to  be  composed  of  the 
most  representative  colored  men  and  women  of  the  county,  was  pro- 
vided for  in  the  plan  of  organization,  the  State  Director  felt  that,  if 
satisfactory  results  were  to  be  obtained  from  them,  it  was  necessary 
to  give  even  more  attention  to  this  people,  who  constituted  one-third 
of  the  population  of  the  State.  Consequently,  on  the  10th  of  January 
he  called  a  conference  of  the  colored  leaders  of  the  state.      He  had 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  15 

previously  asked  the  chairman  of  each  county  that  had  a  large  colored 
population  to  provide  for  the  expenses  of  at  least  one  representative 
to  the  conference.  This  conference,  held  at  the  Slater  Normal 
School,  Winston-Salem,  was  attended  by  the  following  colored  leaders 
of  the  State:  Rev.  H.  L.  Ashe  and  Dr.  S.  G.  Atkins,  Winston-Salem; 
R.  J.  Beverly,  Wadesboro;  N.  T.  Bond,  Winston-Salem;  R.  W. 
Brown,  Winston-Salem;  Dr.  S.  C.  Brown,  Winton;  T.  J.  Brown 
and  Rev.  G.  O.  Bullock,  Winston-Salem;  C.  H.  Bynum,  Kinston; 
J.  B.  Christian  and  Rev.  J.  R.  T.  Christian,  Winston-Salem;  Bishop 
George  W.   Clinton,   Charlotte;   Rev.   J.   H.   Curry,   Winston-Salem; 

E.  N.  Dent,  Louisburg;  Rev.  J.  D.  Diggs,  Winston-Salem;  H.  M. 
Ellis,  Lexington;  Charles  M.  Epps,  Greenville;  Charles  W.  Foushee, 
Statesville;  Dr.  W.  H.  Goler,  Salisbury;  A.  J.  Griffin,  High  Point; 
L.  E.  Hall,  Chadbourn;  J.  S.  Hill,  Winston-Salem;  T.  B.  Hollaway, 
Kinston;  Rev.  S.  J.  Howie,  Winston-Salem;  T.  S.  Inborden,  Bricks; 
Thomas  Iverson,  Dawson,  Ga. ;  Charles  J.  Jenkins,  Hertford ;  C.  H. 
Johnson,  Raeford;  C.  H.  Jones  and  Dr.  J.  W.  Jones,  Winston-Salem; 
Dr.  S.  B.  Jones,  Greensboro;  Rev.  P.  J.  Joyce,  Waughtown;  W.  H. 
Knuckles,  Lumberton;  Rev.  R.  O.  Langford  and  H.  Liston,  Winston- 
Salem;  Rev.  F.  T.  Logan,  Concord;  Rev.  J.  T.  Martin  and  Rev.  P. 
A.  McCorkle,  Winston-Salem;  Dr.  H.  L.  McCrory,  Charlotte;  Dr. 
R.  B.  McRary,  Lexington;  John  Merrick,  Durham;  H.  R.  Miller, 
Edenton;  C.  H.  Moore,  Greensboro;  J.  E.  Morris,  Maysville;  W.  H. 
Murphy  and  W.  H.  Neal,  Winston-Salem;  W.  A.  Patillo,  Tarboro; 
Rev.  N.  D.  Pearson  and  Rev.  R.  L.  Peters,  Winston-Salem;  G.  H. 
Pettie,  Rural  Hall;  J.  M.  Poindexter,  Rural  Hall;  Rev.  W.  W. 
Pope,  Rev.  H.  S.  Roberts,  J.  Jackson  Sadler,  W.  S.  Scales  and  S.  A. 
Smith,  Winston-Salem ;  C.  C.  Spauldin,  Durham ;  E.  G.  Story.  Wil- 
mington; Rev.  R.  S.  Stout,  Winston-Salem;  Gretchen  M.  Teneych, 
Wadesboro;  James  Timlic,  Winston-Salem;  J.  H.  Turner,  Winston- 
Salem;  S.  H.  Vick,  Wilson;  Rev.  J.  W.  Walker,  Asheville;  Rev.  S. 

F.  Wentz,  Winston-Salem ;  Sandy  Williams,  Winston-Salem ;  and  Col. 
James  H.  Young,  Raleigh.  At  this  conference  Dr.  R.  B.  McRary 
of  Lexington  was  named  Chairman  and  Dr.  S.  G.  Atkins  of  Winston- 
Salem,  Executive  Secretary  of  the  Colored  War  Savings  Executive 
Committee  of  North  Carolina.  The  committee  named  at  that  meet- 
ing was  composed  of  Dr.  S.  G.  Atkins,  Winston-Salem;  Dr.  C.  S. 
Brown,  Winton;  Bishop  George  W.  Clinton,  Charlotte;  Dr.  W.  H. 
Goler,  Salisbury;  John  Merrick,  Durham;  Dr.  R.  B.  McRary,  Lex- 
ington; E.  G.  Story,  Wilmington;  A.  H.  Vick,  Wilson;  and  Col. 
J.  H.  Young,  Raleigh.  Provision  was  made  also  for  opening  a  State 
Headquarters  for  the  Colored  Executive  Committee  at  Winston-Salem 
to  be  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  S.  G.  Atkins.  The  State  or,  rather,  that 
portion  of  the  State  that  had  the  bulk  of  the  colored  people  was 
divided  among  the  members  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  each 
member  assumed  responsibility  to  get  the  War  Savings  work  started 


16  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

and  to  keep  it  going  among  the  colored  people  of  a  definite  territory. 
In  the  County  a  separate  colored  chairman  and  committee  were  not 
named  but,  instead,  the  work  was  under  the  supervision  of  the  white 
chairman  and  was  promoted  through  his  colored  sub-committee. 

The   Lumbermen 

The  lumbermen  of  the  State  were  organized  from  the  National 
Headquarters  with  Mr.  Nathan  O'Berry  of  Goldsboro  as  Chairman. 
The  lumbermen's  organization  was,  therefore,  a  branch  of  the  national 
rather  than  of  the  state  organization  and  reports  of  its  activities  were 
made  to  the  National  Headquarters  rather  than  to  the  State  Director. 

The   Retail   Merchants 

In  May,  1918,  the  Retail  Merchants'  Division  of  the  War  Sav- 
ings Committee  was  organized  in  North  Carolina  with  Mr.  John  L. 
Gilmer  of  Winston-Salem  as  State  Chairman  and  Mr.  Frank  E. 
Griffith  of  Winston-Salem,  as  Secretary.  The  Retail  Merchants' 
Association  of  Winston-Salem  furnished  the  offices  and  the  services 
of  the  Secretary  for  the  State  Headquarters  of  the  Retail  Merchants' 
Division.  . 

Mr.  Gilmer  divided  the  State  into  nine  districts  and  named  a 
chairman  for  each  district.  These  district  chairmen,  together  with 
such  assistance  as  the  State  Headquarters  could  give  them,  visited  the 
leading  towns  of  the  State  and  named  a  leading  retail  merchant  as 
local  chairman  in  each  town.  Two  hundred  and  fifty-one  cities  and 
towns  of  the  State  were  organized  and  five  thousand  two  hundred  and 
eighteen  retail  merchants  of  the  State  were  authorized  as  agents  to 
sell  War  Savings  Stamps.  The  plan,  in  general,  was  to  allot  a 
definite  amount  in  stamps  to  be  sold  by  each  merchant  and  to  have 
each  merchant,  in  turn,  assign  a  definite  allotment  to  each  clerk. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  17 

CHAPTER   II 

Early  Activities  of  the  Campaign 
The  Teachers'  Assembly  of  1917 

The  first  effort  to  popularize  War  Savings  was  made  at  the 
Teachers'  Assembly  in  session  at  Charlotte,  November  28-30,  1917. 
Colonel  Fries  and  Mr.  Stephenson  attended  the  several  sessions  of 
the  assembly  and  presented  War  Savings  to  various  groups  and  grades 
of  teachers  in  short  addresses,  and  on  the  last  night  of  the  assembly 
Colonel  Fries  presented  War  Savings  to  a  mass  meeting  of  teachers 
and  citizens  that  filled  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Charlotte.  The 
teachers  must  have  accepted  the  appeal  as  a  patriotic  privilege  as  well 
as  a  special  obligation  from  the  work  they  immediately  started  with 
their  children.  Dr.  Joyner  urged  the  teachers  to  observe  North 
Carolina  Day  on  December  14  as  War  Savings  Day,  but  this,  their 
first  effort,  was  largely  a  failure  because  the  weather  all  over  North 
Carolina  that  day  was  so  inclement  that  the  observance  of  North 
Carolina  Day  could  not  be  general  or  satisfactory.  Announcement 
was  made  that  the  observance  might  be  postponed  till  the  next  Friday, 
but  on  the  21st  the  weather  was  again  quite  as  inclement. 

The   Asheville  Meeting 

At  a  mass  meeting  in  Asheville  on  the  evening  of  December  14, 
Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan  gave  considerable  impetus  to  the 
campaign  in  the  Western  part  of  the  State  by  an  address  in  which 
he  stressed  particularly  the  advantage  that  the  War  Savings  Campaign 
would  be  in  teaching  thrift,  economy,  and  saving  to  the  boys  and 
girls  of  the  State.  This  meeting  was  attended  by  representatives  of 
several  Western  Counties  and  through  these  representatives  and  the 
press  of  Asheville  War  Savings  was  first  brought  to  the  attention  of 
this  section  of  the  State. 

Christmas  of  1917 

Effort  was  made  to  capitalize  the  Christmas  of  1917  for  War 
Savings.  .  The  State  Headquarters  sent  letters  to  about  one  thousand 
five  hundred  of  the  largest  employers  of  labor  of  the  State,  asking 
them  to  use  War  Savings  and  Thrift  Stamps  for  their  Christmas  gifts 
and  in  payment  of  their  bonuses.  Santa  Claus  was  importuned  through 
the  press  to  put  Stamps  into  the  children's  stockings.  But  only  a  few 
of  the  employers  were,  themselves,  familiar  enough  with  War  Savings 
at  this  time  to  explain  it  to  their  employees  and  make  them  under- 


18  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

stand  the  value  of  War  Savings  Stamps.  In  the  few  instances  in  which 
Stamps  were  used  as  Christmas  gifts  or  in  the  payment  of  bonuses, 
the  results  were  disappointing.  Some  of  the  employees  refused  to 
receive  the  Stamps,  others  received  them  and  threw  them  away  in 
disdain,  and  still  others  received  them  and  immediately  sold  them  for 
a  trifle.  Many  of  these  same  employees  were  later  made  to  see  the 
value  of  the  Stamps  and  became  large  investors  in  them.  At  the  end 
of  1917  it  could  not  be  said  that  there  was  either  popular  knowledge 
of  or  enthusiasm  for  War  Savings  Stamps. 

Mr.  Milton  Harrison's   Tour  of  the   State 

The  first  telling  stroke  of  the  new  year  was  the  tour  of  the 
State  by  Mr.  Milton  W.  Harrison,  Secretary  of  the  Savings  Bank 
Section  of  the  American  Bankers'  Association.  Arriving  in  Winston- 
Salem  on  Sunday,  January  6,  he  addressed  a  selected  group  of  citizens 
in  the  Directors'  Room  of  the  Wachovia  Bank  and  Trust  Company 
on  the  seriousness  of  the  War  and  the  economic  as  well  as  patriotic 
value  of  the  War  Savings  Stamp.  Mr.  Harrison  and  Mr.  Gilbert 
T.  Stephenson  spent  the  following  week  in  the  Eastern  part  of  the 
State,  addressing  mass  meetings,  conducting  conferences  with  the  com- 
mittees, and  securing  pledges  to  purchase  War  Savings  Stamps.  They 
visited  Wilson,  Wilmington,  New  Bern,  Washington  and  Elizabeth 
City.  Everywhere  they  drove  home  to  the  hearts  of  the  people,  as 
it  had  not  been  done  before,  that  the  War  was  a  very  serious  thing, 
that  it  must  and  would  come  close  home  to  the  people  of  the  State, 
and  that  the  War  Savings  Stamp  was  the  citizen's  supreme  oppor- 
tunity to  do  his  part  toward  winning  the  war.  Mr.  Harrison  in- 
augurated the  custom  of  taking  pledges  to  buy  War  Savings  Stamps. 
At  Wilson  they  had  pledge-cards  printed,  and  they  solicited  the  busi- 
ness and  professional  men  for  large  pledges.  In  one  day's  time  they 
secured  sixteen  thousand  dollars  in  pledges.  They  did  the  same  at 
every  place  they  visited,  and  the  week's  work  netted  the  War  Savings 
Committee  about  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  in  pledges.  More 
than  that,  it  showed  the  people  that  the  War  Savings  Campaign  was 
not  teaching  the  theory  of  thrift  merely  but  was  committing  the 
people  definitely  to  the  policy  of  saving  by  having  them  pledge  an 
amount  that  would  necessitate  the  practice  of  economy.  Mr.  Har- 
rison, at  the  end  of  the  week  in  the  East,  addressed  a  mass  meeting 
in  Raleigh  and  conducted  several  conferences  which  resulted  in 
bringing  War  Savings  to  the  attention  of  the  people  of  the  State  even 
more   forcibly   than  it  had  been   before. 

Mr.  Lasker's  Visit 

While  it  is  not  following  the  orderly  course  of  development  of 
the  War   Savings   Campaign,   it  is  well  here  to  mention   the  service 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  19 

that  was  rendered  by  other  men  who  came  into  the  State  to  help  in 
the  War  Savings  Campaign.  The  latter  part  of  November,  1917, 
Mr.  Harry  W.  Lasker  of  the  Publicity  Department  of  the  National 
Headquarters  spent  a  day  at  the  State  Headquarters  in  conference, 
and,  as  a  guest  of  the  local  Rotary  Club  at  a  luncheon,  made  an  address 
in  which  he  impressed  upon  his  audience  and,  through  the  publication 
of  his  address,  upon  the  people  of  the  State,  the  fact  that  the  prime 
purpose  of  the  Government  in  the  War  Savings  Campaign  was  not 
to  raise  money  but  to  save  goods  and  labor  and  to  teach  thrift,  point- 
ing out  that,  if  the  Government  had  wanted  money  chiefly,  it  would 
not  have  put  the  one  thousand  dollar  limit  upon  the  purchase  of 
War  Savings  Stamps. 

Captain  Fallon's  Visit 

Beginning  about  the  middle  of  February,  Capt.  David  Fallon  of 
the  Australian  Army  spent  three  weeks  touring  the  principal  towns 
of  the  State.  He  went  as  far  east  as  Washington  and  Tarboro  and 
as  far  west  as  Asheville.  Capt.  Fallon  was  the  first  real  War  hero 
that  had  come  to  North  Carolina.  Before  the  War  he  had  been  a 
trained  military  man,  having  studied  military  tactics  not  only  at  home 
but  abroad  as  well,  including  Germany,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
War  was  a  teacher  in  the  Military  Academy  of  New  South  Wales. 
Called  into  the  War  early,  he  had  had  a  distinguished  part  in  the 
first  battles  in  France,  had  gone  through  the  Campaign  of  Gallipoli, 
where  he  received  his  first  wound,  had  seen  service  in  a  tank,  in  an 
aeroplane,  and  in  the  trenches,  had  been  wounded  fourteen  times,  and, 
after  being  awarded  the  Military  Cross  by  King  George,  was  at  last  hon- 
erably  discharged  from  the  army  as  being  unfit  for  further  service  on 
account  of  having  his  right  hand  blown  to  pieces.  Captain  Fallon  had  a 
pleasing  personality  and  was  a  thrilling  speaker.  His  tour  of  the 
State  was  really  a  continuous  ovation.  He  spoke  two,  three,  and 
sometimes  as  many  as  five  times  a  day  at  mass  meetings,  to  groups 
of  school  children,  colored  people,  and  to  factory  employees.  At  these 
meetings  he  was  accompanied  by  a  representative  of  the  State  Head- 
quarters— first  by  Mr.  Eaton  and  later  by  Mr.  Stephenson — who  un- 
dertook for  War  Savings  to  capitalize  the  enthusiasm  he  evoked.  Pledges 
were  taken  after  his  address  to  mass  meetings.  At  a  meeting  in  Tar- 
boro Captain  Fallon,  this  time  unaccompanied  by  anybody  from  the 
State  Headquarters,  took  fifty-one  thousand  dollars  in  pledges ;  at  two 
meetings  in  Catawba  County — one  at  Newton  and  the  other,  im- 
mediately afterwards,  at  Hickory — he  took  fifty  thousand  dollars  in 
pledges.  While  Captain  Fallon  did  not  undertake  to  discuss  the  mean- 
ing or  importance  of  the  War  Savings  Campaign  in  detail,  he  did 
bring  the  War  home  to  the  people.  By  his  thrilling  story  and  by 
showing  them   the  marks  of  War   upon   his  own  body  he  made   the 


20  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

people  ready  to  hear  and  even  eager  to  respond  to  the  War  Savings 
appeal. 

Lieutenant  Choyce's  Visit 

Another  English  soldier  who  toured  North  Carolina  under  the 
auspices  of  the  State  Headquarters  and  in  the  interest  of  War  Savings 
was  Lieutenant  A.  Newberry  Choyce  of  the  Lancaster  Regiment, 
England.  Lieutenant  Choyce  spent  the  last  week  of  July  in  the 
State,  touching  the  places  that  had  not  been  touched  by  other  out- 
side speakers.  He  was  accompanied  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Whicker  from 
the  State  Headquarters  and  spent  most  of  the  week  in  the  Eastern 
section,  going  as  far  east  as  Beaufort.  Lieutenant  Choyce,  being,  like 
Captain  Fallon,  a  young  man,  well  educated  and  of  distinct  literary 
tastes  and  ability  and  having  survived  horrible  experiences  of  the 
War,  stirred  his  audiences  deeply  and  disposed  them  to  respond  to  the 
War  Savings  appeal. 

Other  Visitors 

In  another  connection  mention  will  be  made  of  the  work  of  Mr. 
Charles  W.  Whitehair  and  of  the  several  returned  soldiers  whom  the 
War  Savings  Committee  used  later  in  the  year.  The  State  Head- 
quarters was  favored  during  the  year  with  visits  from  several  repre- 
sentatives of  the  National  Headquarters — notably  Mr.  C.  J.  Thorson 
of  Colorado,  Mr.  Harry  Palmer  and  Mr.  Frank  C.  Builta  of  Ne- 
braska, who  came  with  a  wealth  of  practical  suggestions  drawn  from 
the  experiences  of  other  States. 

The  Meeting  of  Colored  Workers 

One  of  the  most  significant  State-wide  meetings  that  was  held 
the  entire  year  was  the  meeting  of  colored  people  at  Slater  School  on 
January  10th.  The  names  of  the  colored  people  who  attended  have 
already  been  given.  In  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  how  to  handle 
the  colored  people  had  been  a  problem;  it  was  solved  by  this  meeting. 
Representative  colored  men  were  assembled  from  every  section  of  the 
State.  The  State  Director  laid  upon  them  the  responsibility  of  seeing 
that  their  people  played  citizen's  parts  in  the  War  Savings  Campaign. 
They  appreciated  the  interest  and  confidence  that  the  State  Director 
had  in  them,  and  they  left  the  conference  with  a  vision  of  War  Sav- 
ings both  as  a  means  of  helping  to  win  the  War  and  as  a  means  of 
uplifting  the  race.  This  was  the  message  they  carried  back  to  their 
people.  It  is  only  fair  to  single  out  and  mention  particularly  the 
excellent  work  of  Dr.  R.  B.  McRary  of  Lexington;  Dr.  S.  G.  At- 
kins,  Executive   Secretary;   Dr.    S.    C.   Brown   of  Winton;   Prof.   T. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  21 

S.  Inborden,  of  Bricks;  Rev.  H.  F.  Woodhouse,  of  Elizabeth  City — 
men  who  threw  themselves  heart  and  soul  into  the  campaign. 

War  Saving's  Institute 

The  War  Savings  Institute  at  Raleigh  on  February  12-13,  1918, 
was,  in  many  respects,  the  most  significant  meeting  of  any  kind  that 
was  ever  held  in  the  State.  The  suggestion  of  such  an  institute  was 
made  by  Dr.  J.  Y.  Joyner  at  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee 
at  Winston-Salem  on  January  21.  The  idea  was  to  have  a  two  days' 
school  of  War  Savings  to  instruct  the  leaders.  On  January  31  Gov- 
ernor Bickett  issued  a  proclamation  inviting  all  who  were  interested 
in  the  work  to  attend,  but  appointing  as  a  special  delegate  every  county 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  every  superintendent  of  a  town 
or  city  school,  every  farm  demonstration  agent,  every  home  demon- 
stration agent,  one  physician  from  each  county  in  the  State,  to  be  named 
by  the  State  Board  of  Health,  and  the  chairman  of  the  county  executive 
committee  of  each  political  party  in  the  State.  He  urged  the  county 
commissioners  of  the  several  counties  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  farm 
and  home  demonstration  agents  and  of  the  physician,  and  the  boards  of 
education  to  pay  the  expenses  of  their  representatives.  Governor 
Bickett  closed  his  proclamation  with  this  warning,  "Let  it  be  borne 
in  mind  that  this  meeting  is  not  to  be  a  celebration,  but,  as  its  name 
implies,  it  is  to  be  a  school,  and  all  who  attend  will  be  thoroughly 
taught  just  what  they  are  expected  to  do  and  just  how  to  do  it." 
When  the  delegates — the  War  Savings  pupils — assembled  in  the 
Auditorium  in  Raleigh  on  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  February  12, 
every  one  of  the  one  hundred  counties  of  the  State  was  represented. 
There  were  present  six  hundred  and  seventy-three  delegates.  It  was 
to  a  supreme  degree  an  all-State  meeting.  There  were  present  white 
people  and  colored  people,  men  and  women,  Democrats,  Republicans, 
Prohibitionists  and  Socialists,  communicants  of  every  religious  faith, 
people  from  Cherokee  to  Currituck  and  from  all  the  counties  between. 
It  took  a  special  car  to  bring  the  Rockingham  County  delegation.  The 
meeting  on  Tuesday  afternoon  was  really  a  session  of  school.  After 
the  opening  prayer  and  the  address  of  welcome  by  Governor  Bickett, 
Colonel  Fries  outlined  the  United  States  War  Savings  plan;  Mr.  Gil- 
bert T.  Stephenson  explained  War  Savings  Stamps  and  War  Sav- 
ings Societies ;  Dr.  J.  Y.  Joyner  explained  the  relation  of  the  schools 
to  the  campaign;  and  Col.  Thomas  B.  McAdams,  State  Director  of 
Virginia,  explained  the  relation  of  the  public  to  the  campaign.  The 
second  session  of  the  school  was  Wednesday  morning.  First,  there 
were  the  group  meetings — the  school  teachers,  the  club  women,  the 
home  demonstration  agents,  the  farm  demonstration  agents — in  which 
the  special  work  of  each  of  these  groups  was  outlined.  Then  there 
was    the    round-table    discussion,    led    by    Mr.    Otto    Marx,    Federal 


22  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

Director  of  the  War  Savings  Committee  for  this  district.  Mr.  J.  E. 
Kavanaugh,  Director  of  Organization  of  the  National  Committee,  dis- 
cussed the  necessity  and  plan  of  organization  in  general,  and  Colonel 
Fries  outlined  the  uniform  plan  of  county  organization  that  had  been 
adopted  and  which  has  been  discussed  above.  In  closing  messages 
Colonel  Fries  spoke  of  the  aims;  Dr.  Joyner,  of  the  duties;  and  Gov- 
ernor Bickett  of  the  responsibilities  of  the  War  Savings  Campaign.  The 
high-water  mark  of  the  Institute  was  reached  at  the  meeting  in  the 
Auditorium  Tuesday  night,  without  which  meeting  the  after-effects 
of  the  Institute  would  not  have  been  nearly  as  great  as  they  were. 
Nearly  three  thousand  five  hundred  people  were  assembled  in  the 
auditorium.  After  the  preliminary  exercises,  Mr.  James  H.  Pou  in- 
troduced Mr.  Charles  W.  Whitehair  of  New  Jersey,  a  returned  Y.  M. 
C.  A*  worker,  who  had  worked  not  only  in  France  but  in  Egypt,  and 
had  crossed  the  danger  zone  thirteen  times.  Mr.  Whitehair,  having 
the  gift  of  word-painting  to  an  unusual  degree,  made  his  audience 
see  and  feel  the  actualities  of  the  War  as  they  had  not  done  before. 
He  held  his  audience  spellbound  for  over  an  hour.  At  the  end  of 
his  address  the  audience  rose  spontaneously  and  gave  the  speaker  a  re- 
markable ovation.  Mr.  Whitehair  was  followed  by  Judge  J.  H. 
Moyle,  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  who  drove  home 
with  great  force  the  absolute  necessity  of  answering  Mr.  Whitehair's 
appeal  in  a  practical  way  and  showed  how  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States  must  have  the  money  called  for  in  the  War  Savings  plan.  The 
two  sessions  of  school  had  instructed  the  people  in  the  War  Savings 
plan  and  the  addresses  of  Mr.  Whitehair  and  Judge  Moyle  Tuesday 
night  had  aroused  in  them  a  determination  to  put  the  plan  into  practice. 
From  this  Institute  dates  the  War  Savings  campaign  as  a  popular, 
State-wide  movement.  These  six  hundred  and  seventy-three  delegates 
went  back  into  the  hundred  counties  of  the  State  as  evangelists  of 
patriotism  and  of  War  Savings. 

The  Publicity  Department 

On  of  the  features  of  the  War  Savings  Campaign  was  the  work 
of  the  publicity  department  at  the  State  Headquarters.  The  publicity 
work,  in  common  with  the  work  of  every  other  department,  was  an 
evolution.  In  the  beginning  it  was  not  considered  necessary  to  have 
a  director  of  publicity  to  give  his  entire  time  to  the  work  and  Mr. 
R.  O.  Self,  in  addition  to  his  duties  as*  Executive  Secretary  to  the 
State  Director,  issued  the  advertising  matter  and  furnished  special 
articles  to  the  press  of  the  State.  Within  a  month  after  the  beginning 
of  the  campaign,  that  is,  by  the  20th  of  December,  the  publicity  work 
had  grown  so  that  additional  help  was  required,  and  the  State  Director 
secured  Mr.  E.  L.  Starr,  Publicity  Manager  of  the  Wachovia  Bank 
and  Trust  Company,  to  become  Publicity  Manager  of  the  War  Sav- 


IN    NORTH    CAROLINA  23 

ings  Committee  and  to  divide  his  time  between  the  Bank  and  War 
Savings.  Within  another  month  the  demands  of  the  work  had  in- 
creased to  the  point  at  which  one's  entire  time  was  required.  As  Mr. 
Starr  was  unable  to  give  his  entire  time  to  War  Savings,  he  resigned 
and  Mr.  J.  O.  Cobb  of  Leak-Cobb  Company,  Winston-Salem,  on 
January  25,  1918,  became  whole-time  Publicity  Manager.  Shortly 
after  this  it  was  found  that  the  publicity  work  naturally  divided  itself 
into  two  branches — one  newspaper  publicity  and  the  other  advertising. 
On  the  4th  of  February  Miss  Kate  M.  Herring  was  secured  from  the 
State  Board  of  Health,  Raleigh,  on  leave,  to  become  Director  of 
Publicity,  having  charge  of  the  newspaper  articles  on  War  Savings, 
and  Mr.  J.  O.  Cobb  became  Advertising  Manager,  having  charge  of 
all  advertising  matter  created  at  or  distributed  by  the  State  Head- 
quarters. One  of  Mr.  Cobb's  first  tasks  was  to  secure  a  Publicity 
Manager  in  each  county  to  work  with  and  be  a  part  of  the  County 
War  Savings  Committee.  Mr.  Cobb  remained  with  the  State  Head- 
quarters until  he  entered  the  aviation  branch  of  the  Army  in  April. 
He  was  succeeded  as  Advertising  Manager  by  Mr.  B.  K.  Milloway, 
who  had  been  head  of  the  Publicity  Department  of  the  R.  J.  Reynolds 
Tobacco  Company,  Winston-Salem,  and  who  was  granted  a  leave 
of  absence  on  salary  by  that  Company  to  serve  the  War  Savings  cause. 
Mr.  Milloway  gave  his  entire  time  to  War  Savings  until  October, 
when  he  was  called  back  to  the  Reynolds  Tobacco  Company  for  part 
of  his  time,  but  he  continued  to  the  end  of  the  campaign  to  serve 
the  War  Savings  Committee  whenever  called.  Miss  Herring's  work 
took  two  turns.  One  was  the  preparation  of  a  special  article  on  War 
Savings  each  day  for  the  daily  newspapers  of  the  State  and  one  each 
week  for  the  weekly  papers.  The  other  was  editing  the  War  Savings 
News,  a  weekly  news  sheet,  after  the  fashion  of  the  University  News 
Letter,  sent  to  the  War  Savings  committeemen,  the  newspapers,  and 
to  others  who  were  interested  and  active  in  the  cause.  During  the 
special  drives  in  June  and  December  she  prepared  plate  matter  on 
War  Savings  for  the  weekly  newspapers  of  the  State.  Miss  Herring 
brought  the  War  Savings  work  of  North  Carolina  among  the  colored 
people  into  national  prominence  by  two  articles  on  the  subject — one 
published  in  The  Outlook  of  New  York  on  November  20,  and  the 
other  in  The  South  Atlantic  Quarterly  of  January,  1919.  In  addition 
to  her  duties  as  Director  of  Publicity,  she  performed  those  of  Director 
of  War  Savings  Societies,  which  feature  of  the  work  will  be  discussed 
later. 

Field   Work 

The  field  work  of  the  War  Savings  Committee,  to  which  Mr. 
Stephenson  paid  special  attention,  began  at  the  very  beginning  of  the 
campaign  and  lasted  to  the  very  end  of  it.  The  first  task  was  to  get 
a  working  organization  in  each  county.     It  was  found  that  these  or- 


24  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OP  1918 

ganfzations  could  not  be  effected  in  every  case  by  correspondence.  As 
has  already  been  stated,  most  of  the  County  Chairmen  were  secured 
by  wire  and  letter.  But  it  was  necessary  to  have  a  representative 
of  the  State  Headquarters  go  to  the  several  counties  to  complete  the 
organization  and  acquaint  the  chairmen  with  their  work.  Besides  Mr. 
Stephenson,  Mr.  O.  B.  Eaton  and  Mr.  M.  P.  Traynor  were  engaged 
in  this  work  during  the  early  months  of  the  year.  One  of  them  would 
go  to  a  county,  call  a  conference  of  the  County  Chairmen  and  a  number 
of  the  leading  men  and  women  of  his  community,  and  have  the  con- 
feres  select  the  various  sub-committees.  While  in  a  community  the 
representative  would  take  occasion  to  address  school  children  and  or- 
ganize War  Savings  Societies  and  address  such  other  groups  of  citizens 
as  were  available  and,  wherever  practicable,  to  solicit  pledges  for  War 
Savings.  Mills  and  factories  were  glad  to  stop  work  for  a  few  minutes 
and  give  the  field  representative  an  opportunity  to  talk  War  Savings 
and  even  take  pledges  and  organize  Societies. 

Flying   Squadrons 

One  phase  of  the  field  work  was  that  of  the  Flying  Squadrons. 
It  was  found  that  many  of  the  County  Committees  needed  actual 
demonstration  in  soliciting  pledges,  as  they  were  not  trained  solicitors 
and  did  not  know  how  to  secure  pledges  for  large  amounts.  The 
plan  was  to  have  three  Flying  Squadrons  of  six  experienced  workers 
each  and  to  have  a  Flying  Squadron  spend  one  full  day  in  a  county. 
The  County  Committee  would  meet  the  squadron  immediately  after 
its  arrival  in  the  county  and  make  up  six  teams  of  two  each — a 
member  of  the  squadron  and  a  local  man.  The  teams  would  select 
their  territory  and  go  out  for  a  day's  work  of  soliciting  pledges.  At 
an  appointed  hour  late  in  the  afternoon  or  evening  all  the  teams  would 
meet  for  reports  on  the  day's  work.  And  the  teams,  as  well  as  the  three 
squadrons,  rivalled  one  another  in  the  amount  of  pledges  secured.  Most 
of  the  members  of  the  squadrons  were  effective  public  speakers,  and  these 
placed  themselves  at  the  disposal  of  the  County  Chairman  for  addresses  in 
the  evening  they  were  in  a  county.  It  would  have  taken  these  squadrons 
three  weeks  to  cover  or  give  a  day"  each  to  the  leading  counties  of  the 
State.  The  first  week  of  their  work  was  very  successful;  not  only 
were  thousands  of  dollars  in  pledges  secured  but  the  local  workers 
were  given  a  demonstration  of  the  ease  with  which  pledges,  even  for 
the  limit,  might  be  secured.  But  at  the  end  of  the  first  week  the 
squadrons  had  to  be  called  out  of  the  field  out  of  deference  to  the 
workers  in  the  Third  Liberty  Loan,  which  began  April  6  and  lasted 
until  May  4,  and  by  the  time  the  squadrons  were  ready  to  go  back 
into  the  field,  the  June  drive,  calling  for  an  entirely  different  plan, 
had  been  announced.  Among  those  who  were  members  of  the  Flying 
Squadrons  were  Messrs.  O.  B.  Eaton,  M.  P.  Traynor,  Chas.  E.  Reynal, 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  25 

D.  F.  Giles,  John  A.  Oates,  W.  C.  Bivens,  Beverly  Lake,  E.  E.  Stanley, 

E.  E.  Emerson  and  W.  H.  Weatherspoon. 

The  several  drives  required  considerable  field  work  from  State 
Headquarters,  but  it  is  probably  better  to  discuss  this  type  of  field 
work  in  connection  with  the  drives  themselves. 

Victory   Acres   and   Thrift   Gardens 

An  idea  that  gave  great  promise  but  one  that  was  abandoned 
before  it  could  be  promoted  to  the  finish  was  that  of  Victory  Acres 
and  Thrift  Gardens.  The  idea  was  to  get  farmers  to  plant  an  acre 
each  in  some  crop — like  cotton,  peanuts,  or  tobacco — that  would  yield 
large  profits,  dedicate  it  to  War  Savings,  distinguish  it  in  some  way 
as  by  having  a  flag  wave  over  it,  and  invest  all  the  proceeds  in  War 
Savings  Stamps,  and  to  have  the  children  in  both  town  and  country 
to  plant  Thrift  Gardens  for  the  same  purpose.  Mr.  Cobb,  through 
his  advertising  department,  and  Miss  Herring,  through  her  newspaper 
articles,  and  the  field  men  through  their  addresses  and  conferences  made 
much  of  the  Victory  Acre  and  Thrift  Gardens.  And  the  people  were 
found  to  be  very  responsive.  Large  landholders  were  arranging  with 
their  tenants  to  plant  Victory  Acres.  Home  and  Farm  Demonstra- 
tion Agents  were  promoting  Thrift  Gardens  among  the  children.  But 
before  the  planting  season  was  over  the  attention  of  all  War  Savings 
workers  was  turned  to  preparation  for  the  June  drive. 

Limit   Clubs 

During  the  early  months  of  the  campaign  there  were  several 
special  drives  announced  and  urged  by  the  State  Headquarters,  but 
they  were  undertaken  and  pushed  by  only  a  limited  number  of  coun- 
ties. Mention  has  already  been  made  of  the  effort  in  December  to  get  em- 
ployers to  use  Stamps  as  Christmas  gifts  and  in  the  payment  of  bonuses. 
The  week  of  March  4th  Was  set  apart  for  the  formation  of  County 
Limit  Clubs  to  be  composed  of  those  who  pledged  themselves  to  save 
systematically  and  purchase  $1000  worth  of  War  Savings  Stamps  dur- 
ing the  year.  The  National  Headquarters  announced  that  it  expected 
one  per  cent  of  the  population  of  North  Carolina — or  twenty-five  thou- 
sand— to  become  limit  members.  Wherever  canvasses  were  organized 
to  get  limit  members  they  were  successful.  Forsyth  County  secured 
$139,000  in  limit  pledges  in  about  an  hour's  time.  Cleveland  County 
secured  more  than  its  allotment  of  limit  members.  The  drive  for 
limit  members  was  continued  till  March  16  and  then  turned  into  a 
drive  for  $500  members,  with  the  goal  of  securing  twenty  thousand 
$500  members.     Complete  figures  on  the  results  of  these  drives  were 


26  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

not  secured,  but  on  March  22  the  State  Headquarters  announced  that 
$1,702,000  had  been  secured  in  pledges. 

War  Savings  Societies  and  Army  of  Thrift 

In  the  beginning  it  was  contemplated  that  War  Savings  Societies 
should  be  one  of  the  big  features  of  the  campaign.  Through  these 
Societies  the  Army  of  Thrift  was  to  be  mobilized.  This  army  was  to 
be  composed  of  those  who  pledged  themselves  to  save  and  economize 
and  to  get  others  to  save,  economize,  and  invest  their  savings  in  War 
Savings  Stamps.  There  were  to  be  ranks — Captain,  Major,  Colonel, 
General — in  the  Army  of  Thrift,  the  same  as  in  the  regular  army, 
and  distinctions  of  grade  were  to  be  marked  by  distinguishing  badges. 
School  children  were  fascinated  by  the  idea  of  the  Army  of  Thrift, 
and  were  eager  to  become  soldiers  and  later  officers  in  the  Army. 
Having  failed  to  make  much  out  of  North  Carolina  Day  in  the 
schools  on  account  of  the  bad  weather,  the  State  Director  centered  his 
attention  upon  February  22,  which  Dr.  Joyner  had  designated  as  Thrift 
Day  and  for  its  observance  had  prepared  excellent  programs.  Governor 
Bickett  asked  all  the  courts  to  be  adjourned  on  that  day  so  that  the 
judges  and  attorneys  and  officers  of  the  court  might  make  War  Sav- 
ings addresses  in  the  schools.  The  State  Director  requested  that  a 
War  Savings  Society  be  organized  in  every  school  room  and  that  Stamps 
be  had  for  sale  at  the  school  on  February  22.  Results  on  Thrift  Day 
were  much  more  gratifying  than  they  had  been  on  North  Carolina 
Day.  The  meaning  of  the  campaign  was  better  understood,  the  weather 
was  not  so  inclement,  and  the  teachers  were  still  under  the  inspiration 
of  the  Institute  which  had  been  held  only  a  few  days  previous.  The 
month  between  February  22  and  March  22  was,  perhaps,  the  richest 
period  of  the  year  for  War  Savings  Societies.  They  were  organized 
in  school  rooms,  in  factories,  in  women's  clubs,  in  offices,  lodges  and 
church  societies.  It  was  reported  to  the  State  Headquarters  that  a 
society  had  been  organized  in  every  school  room  of  every  school  house, 
white  and  colored,  in  New  Hanover  County.  Several  counties  reported 
a  society  organized  in  every  white  school  in  the  county.  The  records 
of  towns  and  counties  in  the  organization  of  War  Savings  Societies  were 
the  news  features  of  the  day.  A  considerable  portion  of  Miss  Herring's 
time  was  taken  looking  after  these  societies.  In  addition  to  her  other 
duties,  she  undertook  to  prepare  a  bi-weekly  graded  program  for  their 
regular  monthly  meetings.  By  March  15th  five  hundred  War  Savings 
Societies  with  an  estimated  membership  of  twenty-five  thousand  had 
been  reported  to  State  Headquarters.  On  March  25th  North  Caro- 
lina was  ninth  from  the  top  of  the  States  in  the  number  of  War  Savings 
Societies.  By  April  14th  seven  hundred  War  Savings  Societies  had 
been  reported  from  fifty  counties.  On  May  2  it  was  announced  that 
North  Carolina  had  eight  hundred  and  eleven  properly  organized  and 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  27 

properly  reported  War  Savings  Societies.  This  put  her  in  the  lead 
of  all  the  Southern  States.  The  societies  were  growing  so  rapidly  and 
bulking  so  large  in  importance  in  the  campaign  that  the  State  Director 
made  provision  for  a  field-worker  who  would  give  her  entire  time  to 
War  Savings  Societies.  For  the  months  of  June,  July,  and  August,  he 
secured  the  services  of  Miss  Mary  G.  Shotwell,  of  the  Lenoir  County 
schools. 

Family   Limit   Societies 

One  departure  in  the  War  Savings  Society  idea  was  the  Family 
Limit  War  Savings  Society  of  North  Carolina,  composed  of  families 
in  the  name  of  each  member  of  which  $1,000  worth  of  War  Savings 
Stamps  of  the  issue  of  1918  had  been  purchased.  Up  to  the  end  of 
the  year  two  hundred  and  forty  Limit  Families  had  been  reported  to 
the  State  Headquarters,  representing  an  investment  of  $796,000  in 
War  Savings  Stamps.  The  largest  investor  in  Stamps  in  the  State  and, 
for  that  matter,  in  the  United  States,  so  far  as  the  State  Headquarters 
was  able  to  ascertain,  was  Mr.  J.  A.  Jones  of  Charlotte,  who  invested  in 
War  Savings  Stamps  $15,000 — $1,000  each  for  himself,  his  wife,  and 
each  of  his  thirteen  children.  Mr.  C.  E.  Neisler  of  Kings  Mountain  was 
second  with  $10,000,  and  Mr.  C.  A.  Williams  of  Charlotte,  third,  with 
$9,000.  Among  the  Limit  Families  was  one  colored  family — that  of 
Dr.  C.  H.  Hines  of  Edenton,  who  invested  $4,000  in  Stamps.  To 
each  of  the  Limit  Families  the  State  Director  issued  a  certificate  bear- 
ing the  name  of  each  member  of  the  family. 

100%  Colleges 

Paralleling  the  work  in  the  public  schools  was  that  in  the  colleges 
of  the  State.  In  December,  1917,  it  had  been  announced  that  every 
student  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  had  pledged  himself  to 
purchase  one  or  more  War  Savings  Stamps.  In  the  spring  the  State 
Director  conceived  the  plan  of  declaring  a  college  100  per  cent  in 
which  every  student  pledged  himself  to  buy  one  or  more  War  Sav- 
ings Stamps.  The  proposition  was  first  presented  to  Rutherford 
College  by  one  of  the  members  of  a  Flying  Squadron  operating  in 
Burke  County,  and  the  students  responded  so  heartily  that  itineraries 
of  the  field  workers  were  arranged  so  as  to  reach  every  college  in  the 
State  before  the  commencement  with  the  appeal.  Salem,  Lenoir,  and 
Rutherford  were  the  only  three  colleges  that  officially  reported  100  per 
cent.  But  every  college  in  the  State  would  have  easily  and  gladly 
won  this  distinction  if  the  campaign  among  them,  already  planned  and 
announced,  had  not  been  abandoned  before  it  was  scarcely  begun. 


28  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

100%   Industrial  Plants 

Alongside  the  colleges  the  factories  and  mills  of  the  State  were  eager 
to  make  themselves  100  per  cent  by  having  every  employee  pledge 
to  buy  at  least  one  War  Savings  Stamp  during  the  year.  This 
proposition  was  first  presented  to  the  employees  of  the  Marion  Hosiery 
Mills,  Marion,  and  they  responded  eagerly.  But  this  plan  also  was  never 
carried   out  completely. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  29 

CHAPTER   III 

The  June  Drive 

The  Turn  of  the   Campaign 

It  must  arouse  the  curiosity  of  the  reader  why  so  many  plans  of 
the  War  Savings  Campaign  were  started  and  got  under  way  during 
the  first  months  of  1918  and  then  abandoned  before  they  were  worked 
to  the  finish — namely,  War  Savings  Societies,  Victory  Acres  and  Thrift 
Gardens,  Flying  Squadrons,  making  colleges  and  industrial  plants  100 
per  cent  in  War  Savings.  The  explanation  is  that  a  sharp  turn,  a  very 
sharp,  turn  in  the  War  Savings  Campaign,  was  taken  the  first  of  May. 

The  New  York  Conference 

The  latter  part  of  April  Colonel  Fries  received  a  telegram  from 
Mr.  Vanderlip  calling  him  to  a  conference  of  State  Directors  and  other 
War  Savings  workers  in  New  York  on  May  1  and  asking  him,  in  the 
meantime,  to  hold  in  abeyance  all  the  plans  that  he  might  have  for 
the  future  War  Savings  work.  In  compliance  with  this  request,  the  State 
Director  held  the  War  Savings  work  in  North  Carolina  in  statu  quo  dur- 
ing the  latter  part  of  April  and,  taking  with  him  Mr.  Stephenson  and  Mr. 
Milloway,  met  Mr.  Vanderlip  and  the  other  State  Directors  of  the 
South  and  East  in  conference  at  the  Plaza  Hotel  in  New  York  on 
May  1.  At  this  conference  Mr.  Vanderlip  announced  that  by  the 
adoption  and  operation  of  a  certain  plan,  Nebraska  had  oversubscribed 
its  allotment  in  March,  and  that  he  would  ask  the  other  States  to 
adopt  this  plan,  with  certain  necessary  modifications.  After  an  all- 
day's  session  of  discussion,  the  State  Directors  assured  Mr.  Vanderlip 
that  they  would  work  this  plan  in  their  respective  States. 

The  Plan  of  the  June  Drive 

The  plan  was  to  have  President  Wilson  designate  a  certain  day  as 
National  War  Savings  Day,  to  have  a  post-card  mailed  to  each  adult 
citizen,  signed  by  the  State  Director,  calling  upon  him  to  attend  a  meet- 
ing at  the  school  house  of  his  district  on  that  day  and  pledge  himself 
to  buy  a  definite  number  of  War  Savings  Stamps  per  month  during 
the  balance  of  the  year.  Immediately  on  returning,  the  State  Director 
held  conferences  with  his  State  Headquarters  force  to  modify  the 
Nebraska  plan  so  as  to  make  it  fit  the  special  needs  of  the  State.  It 
was  found  necessary  to  make  the  township  and  ward,  rather  than  the 
school  district,  the  unit  of  operation,  and  to  make  it  a  campaign  of  a 


30  THE    WAR-SAVINGS    CAMPAIGN    OF  1918 

week,  culminating  on  National  War  Savings  Day,  rather  than  stake 
everything  upon  one  day.  The  chief  features  of  the  plan  of  the  June 
Drive,  as  announced,  were  as  follows :  ( 1 )  a  series  of  district  con- 
ferences to  acquaint  the  county  chairmen  with  the  plan;  (2)  a  meet- 
ing of  the  local  postmasters  at  the  central  accounting  office  of  the 
county  to  provide  for  a  supply  of  Stamps  to  meet  the  unusual  demand 
that  would  result  from  the  intensive  drive;  (3)  the  copying  of  the 
name  and  address  of  every  individual  who  was  able  to  buy  one  or 
more  Stamps  into  a  Pledge  Record  Book;  (4)  reconstructing  the  county 
organization  so  as  to  have  a  chairman  for  every  township  and  ward, 
a  leader  for  every  school-house,  and  enough  canvassers  for  every  com- 
munity; (5)  designating  Sunday,  June  23,  as  North  Carolina  War 
Savings  Sundays  and  asking  Sunday-School  superintendents  and  teachers 
and  ministers  to  present  War  Savings  to  their  respective  audiences  on 
that  day;  (6)  making  a  house-to-house  canvass  for  pledges  during  the 
first  four  days  of  the  following  week;  and  (7)  conducting  a  meeting 
in  each  school-house  at  6  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  Friday,  June  28, 
to  receive  reports  of  the  canvass  and  to  secure  additional  pledges  enough 
to  raise  the  balance  of  the  township's  or  ward's  allotment.  Presi- 
dent Wilson  had  previously  designted  June  28th  as  National  War  Sav- 
ings day  and  said,  "I  earnestly  appeal  to  every  man,  woman  and  child 
to  pledge  themselves  on  or  before  the  28th  of  June  to  save  constantly 
and  to  buy  as  regularly  as  possible  the  securities  of  the  Government 
and  to  do  this  as  far  as  possible  through  membership  in  War  Savings 
Societies.  The  28th  of  June  ends  this  special  period  of  enlistment  in 
the  great  volunteer  Army  of  Production  and  Saving  here  at  home. 
May  there  be  none  unenlisted  on  that  day." 

The  District  Conferences 

The  first  step  towards  getting  ready  for  the  June  drive  was  the 
series  of  district  conferences.  These  were  held  as  follows:  Winston- 
Salem,  May  9;  Charlotte,  May  11;  Fayetteville,  May  13;  Wilming- 
ton, May  14;  New  Bern,  May  15;  Elizabeth  City,  May  16;  Weldon, 
May  17;  and  Asheville,  May  21.  Those  who  helped  conduct  these 
conferences  were  Messrs.  H.  E.  Fries,  J.  K.  Norfleet,  John  L.  Gilmer, 
Richard  G.  Stockton  and  Gilbert  T.  Stephenson.  Each  conference 
was  designated  to  reach  the  nearby  counties.  The  aim  of  it  was  to 
instruct  the  county  chairmen  in  the  plan  of  campaign  and  arouse  them 
to  go  into  the  drive  whole-heartedly.  The  first  task  the  county  chair- 
men were  set  to  was  reconstructing  their  organizations.  The  sub- 
committees representing  the  several  interests,  industries,  and  professions 
of  the  county  were  not  practicable  in  such  a  drive ;  a  compact,  geogra- 
phical organization  was  necessary. 

Back  at  the  State  Headquarters  everything  and  everybody  were 
centered  upon  the  June  drive.     The  Publicity    Department's    efforts 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  31 

were  taken  off  War  Savings  Societies,  Victory  Acres  and  Thrift  Gar- 
dens, 100  per  cent  colleges  and  industries,  and  thrift  propaganda  and 
turned  to  the  June  drive.  The  Director  of  Organization,  Mr.  Stockton, 
was  busy  getting  the  County  Chairmen  to  appoint  township  and  ward 
chairmen  and  get  them,  in  turn,  to  appoint  canvassers  and  leaders  of 
school  house  meetings.  Miss  Mary  Shotwell,  who  had  come  to  pro- 
mote War  Savings  Societies  in  the  schools,  was  retained  to  help  super- 
intend getting  out  the  enormous  amount  of  mail  and  advertising  matter 
which  the  State  Headquarters  had  to  issue.  The  State  Headquarters 
worked  and  asked  each  county  to  work  under  the  following  calendar: 

Calendar  of  War  Savings  Drive 

May  28-June  3 — Copy  War  Savings  Pledge  Records  (Form  2). 

June  3 — Postmasters'  Conference. 

June  3-8 — Copy  Canvassers'  Cards  (Form  15). 

June  8 — Conference  of  Township  and  Ward  Chairmen  with 
County  Chairmen. 

June  10-15 — Conference  of  Canvassers  and  Conductors  of  School- 
house  Meetings  with  Township  and  Ward  Chairmen. 

June  17 — War  Savings  Pledge  Records  (Form  2)  returned  by 
Township  and  Ward  Chairmen  to  County  Chairmen  to  be  used  in 
addressing  cards  summoning  to  school  house  meetings  (Form  8). 

June  17-21 — Address  cards  summoning  citizens  to  school-house 
meetings  (Form  8). 

June  22 — War  Savings  Workers'  Conference — County  Chairman 
and  Assistants,  Township  and  Ward  Chairmen,  Canvassers,  Conduc- 
tors of  School-house  Meetings,  and  Participants  in  Programs  of  War 
Savings  Sunday  (June  23),  and  National  War  Savings  Day  (June  28). 

June  23-28 — North  Carolina  War  Savings  Week. 

June  23 — North  Carolina  War  Savings  Sunday. 

June  24 — House-to-house  canvass.  • 

June  25 — House-to-house  Canvass;  Meeting  at  night  for  reports. 

June  26 — House-to-house  canvass. 

June  27 — House-to-house  canvass ;  Meeting  at  night  for  reports. 

June  28 — National  War  Savings  Day. 

June  29 — Meeting  of  Township  and  Ward  Chairmen  to  return 
Records  and  Pledge  Cards  and  tabulate  results  of  drive. 

The  State  Headquarters  had  to  accompany  each  shipment  of 
supplies  to  the  County  Chairmen  and  call  attention  to  each  step  in 
the  drive  by  special  letters.  It  had  also  to  get  out  special  letters  to 
the   members   of   the   County   Committee   under   the   original   plan   of 


32  THE  WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF   1918 

organization,  to  the  postmasters,  to  the  banks,  to  the  insurance  men, 
to  the  lawyers,  to  the  Sunday  School  superintendents,  to  the  ministers, 
to  the  clerks  of  court,  to  the  sheriffs,  and  to  the  school  superintendents. 
In  addition  to  what  could  be  accomplished  by  the  mail,  the  district 
chairmen,  of  whom  mention  has  already  been  made,  visited  the  coun- 
ties in  their  respective  districts,  some  of  them  two  or  three  times,  to 
help  the  chairmen  and  see  that  they  were  proceeding  with  preparations 
in  orderly  fashion.  The  State  Headquarters  did  not  undertake  to 
furnish  speakers  for  the  several  counties,  but  only  furnished  a  list 
of  available  speakers  from  which  the  County  Chairmen  could  make 
their  own  arrangements. 

The  State  Headquarters  followed  the  plan  as  announced  almost 
to  the  letter,  and  while  many  of  the  County  Chairmen  followed  the 
plan  faithfully,  some  varied  it  slightly,  and  a  few  did  not  follow  it 
at  all.  It  is  remarkable  that  just  in  proportion  as  a  county  followed 
the  plan  in  letter  and  spirit,  its  results  justified  the  effort,  while  the 
few  counties  that  abandoned  the  plan  were  disappointing  in  their  results. 

Results  of  June  Drive 

As  some  of  the  counties  had  not  completed  the  canvass  on  June 
28,  the  drive  was  continued  through  July  4th.  When  reports  from  all 
the  counties  were  in  it  was  found  that  $30,390,790  had  been  secured 
in  pledges  which — it  must  be  remembered — included  the  sales  up  to 
that  time.  Nine  counties  had  been  reported  as  having  subscribed 
their  allotment  or  more:  Wilson,  Cabarrus,  Forsyth,  Greene,  Jones, 
Lenoir,  Martin,  Perquimans,  and  Pitt.  The  following  were 
three-fourths  over:  Chowan,  Franklin,  Granville,  Guilford,  Nash, 
Northampton,  Onslow,  Orange,  Scotland,  Stokes,  Surry,  Union,  Vance, 
Washington,  and  Wayne.  The  following  were  over  half  over:  Ala- 
mance, Beaufort,  Buncombe,  Burke,  Camden,  Carteret,  Catawba,  Chat- 
ham, Cleveland,  Craven,  Davie,  Davidson,  Durham,  Gaston,  Halifax, 
Harnett,  Hertford,  Jackson,  Johnston,  McDowell,  Mecklenburg,  Mont- 
gomery, Moore,  New  Hanover,  Pamlico,  Pasquotank,  Randolph,  Rich- 
mond, Rockingham,  Rowan,  Stanly,  Swain,  Wake,  Warren,  and  Yadkin. 
The  balance  of  the  counties  were  under  half  over.  The  State  lacked 
about  $18,000,000  having  subscribed  its  allotment. 

The  Follow-Up  Drives 

No  sooner  had  it  been  realized  at  the  State  Headquarters  that 
the  State  had  not  subscribed  its  allotment  than  plans  were  laid  for  a 
series  of  follow-up  drives  in  the  counties  that  had  not  secured  as  much 
as  three-fourths  of  their  allotment.  One  of  the  difficulties  of  the 
June  drive  in  some  of  the  counties  was  that  it  came  in  the  midst  of  the 
wheat  harvest.     It  was  chiefly  to  accommodate  the  farmers  that  the 


IN    NORTH    CAROLINA  33 

school  house  meetings  were  set  as  late  as  six  in  the  afternoon.  Another 
weakness  noticeable  in  the  drive  was  the  lack  of  experienced  canvassers. 
In  many  counties  the  number  of  pledges  were  enough  but  the  pledges 
were  for  such  small  amounts  and  so  out  of  keeping  with  the  means  of 
the  pledgers  that  the  total  subscription  was  disappointing.  Instead  of 
having  the  follow-up  drive  the  same  week  in  every  county,  the  State 
Director  had  the  County  Chairman  to  indicate  his  first,  second,  and 
third  choice  of  any  week  between  the  15th  of  July  and  the  15th  of 
September.  While  it  was  realized  at  the  State  Headquarters  that 
July  and  August  were  probably  the  leanest  months  of  the  year  for 
soliciting  pledges,  they  were  the  only  months  during  which  the  War 
Savings  Campaign  was  not  apt  to  conflict  with  some  other  War  effort. 
The  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  had  already  been  announced  for  the  early 
fall  and  the  Allied  War  Relief  Campaign  to  follow  immediately  after- 
wards. While  most  of  the  County  Chairmen  chose  one  of  the  last  two 
weeks  of  August  or  the  first  two  weeks  of  September  for  their  drive, 
enough  drives  were  put  on  late  in  July  and  the  first  of  August  to  give 
the  follow-up  work  considerable  momentum.  By  the  14th  of  August 
Franklin,  Nash,  Iredell,  and  Union  had  been  reported  over,  making 
fourteen  counties  in  all.  The  Flying  Squadron  idea,  started  early  in 
the  campaign  but  abandoned  on  account  of  the  Third  Liberty  Loan 
and  the  June  drive,  was  now  adapted  to  the  follow-up  drives. 

Results  of  Follow-Up  Drives 

The  series  of  follow-up  drives  running  from  July  15  to  Septem- 
ber 15  resulted  in  adding  $6,293,054  to  the  State's  subscription,  making 
the  total  subscription  on  October  1,  when  pledge-taking  ceased,  $37,- 
083,444.  .Besides  Franklin,  jNash,  ilredell,  Union,  and  !Gates  al- 
ready mentioned,  Anson,  Chowan,  Henderson,  and  Mecklenburg  had 
subscribed  their  allotment,  making  nineteen  counties  100  per  cent  in 
subscription. 

Redemption   of  Pledges 

As  soon  as  the  follow-up  drives  for  pledges  were  over,  the  State 
Headquarters  turned  its  attention  to  the  redemption  of  these  $20,000,000 
(round  figures  and  an  estimate  only)  of  unredeemed  pledges.  At  the 
end  of  the  June  drive  the  County  Chairmen  had  been  instructed  to 
keep  the  pledge-cards  in  their  possession  until  further  notice.  It  was 
recognized  that  a  distribution  of  the  pledge-cards  before  a  county  had 
subscribed  its  allotment  would  cause  confusion.  But  as  soon  as  pledge- 
taking  was  over  the  County  Chairmen  were  instructed  to  dissemble 
the  cards  according  to  the  postoffice  or  agency  at  which  the  Stamps 
were  to  be  bought,  to  alphabetize  the  cards,  and  to  make  four  lists  of 
the  name,  address,  and  amount  of  the  pledge — one  for  the  agency,  one 


34  THE  WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF   1918 

for  the  County  Chairman,  and  two  for  the  State  Director.  Where  one 
failed  to  indicate  where  he  meant  to  buy  his  Stamps,  his  card  was 
sent  to  his  postoffice.  The  State  Headquarters  furnished  three  franked 
post-cards  to  be  sent  to  each  pledger  reminding  him  of  his  pledge — 
one  to  be  sent  by  the  County  Chairman,  one  by  the  postoffice  or  agency, 
and  one  by  the  State  Director.  This  plan  of  pledge-redemption  in- 
volved an  enormous  amount  of  work  upon  the  State  Director  and 
County  Chairman,  and  yet  some  such  plan  was  necessary,  since  so  many 
pledgers  were  waiting  to  be  notified  where  their  cards  were. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  35 

CHAPTER    IV 

Final  Drive 

The  War  Savings  work,  for  anything  except  the  redemption  of 
pledges,  was  practically  at  a  standstill  during  the  month  of  October. 
The  latter  part  of  October  the  State  Director  announced  a  Victory 
Drive  November  28-December  6,  which  was  meant  not  only  to  get 
the  outstanding  pledges  redeemed  but  also  to  get  enough  additional 
pledges  to  secure  the  balance  of  the  State's  allotment.  The  plan  was 
to  have  a  meeting  of  War  Savings  workers  in  every  township  or  ward 
on  Thanksgiving  Day,  to  constitute  teams  of  workers,  to  divide 
the  territory,  and,  between  then  and  December  6,  to  make  a  house-to- 
house  canvass  of  the  community  to  ascertain  (1)  how  much  each 
family  had  already  invested  in  War  Savings  Stamps  and  (2)  how 
much  it  would  invest  towards  the  balance  of  the  State's  allotment. 

District   Conferences 

Preparatory  to  this  drive  a  series  of  District  conferences  were  held 
as  follows:  Elizabeth  City,  November  6;  Washington,  November  7; 
Tarboro,  November  8;  Raleigh,  November  9;  Bryson  City,  November 
12;  Hendersonville,  November  13;  Marion,  November  14;  Hickory, 
November  15;  Statesville,  November  18;  Hamlet,  November  19;  Wil- 
mington, November  20;  and  Greensboro,  November  21.  To  these 
conferences  were  invited  county  chairmen,  township  chairmen,  mem- 
bers of  the  State  Executive  Committee,  and  men  and  women  who  had 
been  active  in  other  branches  of  War  work,  such  as  Liberty  Loan  and 
Allied  War  Relief.  The  conferences  were  conducted  by  Messrs.  O.  B. 
Eaton,  John  L.  Gilmer,  Gilbert  T.  Stephenson  and  Miss  Kate  Herring. 
In  those  parts  of  the  State  where  there  were  many  colored  people  a 
separate  conference  was  conducted  for  them  by  Dr.  S.  G.  Atkins, 
assisted  by  Mr.  Eaton  and  Mr.  Stephenson.  The  conferences,  as  a 
rule,  were  very  well  attended,  despite  the  fact  that  they  came  in  the 
midst  of  the  epidemic  of  influenza.  The  conference  at  Raleigh  had  to 
be  held  in  sections,  not  permitting  over  a  dozen  to  assemble  at  a  time. 
The  one  announced  for  Asheville  had  to  be  moved  to  Hendersonville. 
The  one  announced  for  Salisbury  had  to  be  moved  to  Statesville. 

The  Victory  Drive  was  not  fruitful  of  pledges.  A  complete  re- 
port was  never  received  at  the  State  Headquarters.  The  Thanks- 
giving meetings  were  rained  out  all  over  the  State.  In  some  of  the 
counties  the  County  Chairmen  did  their  best  to  put  on  the  canvass 
and   got  fairly  good   results.     This   is   particularly   true  of   Beaufort, 


36  THE  WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF  1918 

Cumberland,  and  Guilford.  But  in  most  of  the  others  the  County 
Chairman  felt  that  it  was  useless,  under  all  the  circumstances,  to 
try  to  put  on  another  canvass. 

The   Conference  of  December  4 

As  soon  as  the  State  Director  saw  that  the  Victory  Drive  would 
not  put  the  State  "over  the  top,"  he  called  into  conference  at  Winston- 
Salem  on  December  4,  1918,  the  following  War  Savings  workers:  E.  J. 
Barnes,  Wilson;  W.  J.  Berryman,  Edenton;  J.  E.  Brinn,  Sanford; 
S.  P.  Burton,  Asheville;  G.  L.  Clendenin,  Lincolnton;  S.  P.  Collier, 
Jr.,  Winston-Salem;  A.  M.  Dixon,  Charlotte;  F.  W.  Dixon,  Snow 
Hill;  H.  E.  Fries,  Winston-Salem;  W.  G.  Gaither,  Elizabeth  City; 
D.  F.  Giles,  Raleigh;  John  L.  Gilmer,  Winston-Salem;  Wilson  Gray, 
Winston-Salem;  F.  E.  Griffith,  Winston-Salem;  James  G.  Hanes, 
Winston-Salem;  B.  D.  Haynes,  Durham;  W.  M.  Hendren,  Winston- 
Salem;  Eugene  Holt,  Burlington;  Beverly  Lake,  Salisbury;  Paul 
Leonard,  Statesville;  J.  G.  Lewis,  Statesville;  J.  S.  McNider,  Hert- 
ford; W.  R.  Martin,  Winston-Salem;  Will  Maslin,  Winston-Salem; 
J.  H.  Matthews,  Windsor;  Van  Melchor,  Winston-Salem;  Archibald 
Nichols,  Asheville;  William  Perlstein,  Raleigh;  W.  D.  Pethel,  Spencer; 
T.  F.  Pettus,  Wilson;  Dr.  Chas.  E.  Reynal,  Statesville;  Dr.  Howard 
Rondthaler,  Winston-Salem;  M.  L.  Shipman,  Raleigh;  J.  Clinton 
Smoot,  N.  Wilkesboro;  J.  G.  Stikeleather,  Asheville;  W.  B.  Strachen, 
Salisbury;  and  Leon  T.  Vaughan,  Nashville. 

At  this  conference  it  was  decided  to  apportion  what  the  State  still 
lacked  in  subscriptions  among  the  business  concerns  of  the  State  ac- 
cording to  the  minimum  commercial  rating  of  each.  Several  of  the 
conferes  agreed  to  present  the  matter  to  the  business  concerns  of  certain 
counties.  Certain  men  also  agreed  to  make  a  special  appeal  to  the  indus- 
tries with  which  they  were  connected :  Mr.  A.  H.  Bahnson,  to  the  cotton 
mills;  Mr.  James  G.  Hanes,  to  the  knitting  mills;  Mr.  H.  A.  Pfohl,  to 
the  builders  and  contractors;  Mr.  Will  Maslin,  to  the  fertilizer  compa- 
nies ;  Mr.  Van  Melchor,  to  the  bottling  concerns ;  Mr.  A.  W.  Cornwall, 
to  the  box  industries;  Mr.  J.  Clinton  Smoot  of  North  Wilkesboro,  to 
the  tanneries;  Mr.  Wilson  Gray,  to  the  tobacco  factories;  Mr.  J.  K. 
Norfleet,  to  the  tobacco  warehouses.  In  addition  to  the  appeals  that 
these  men  made  to  their  several  industries,  the  State  Headquarters 
made  an  appeal  by  letter  to  every  store,  manufactory,  and  other  busi- 
ness house  in  the  State  to  invest  in  Stamps  its  proportionate  part  of  the 
State's  deficit,  suggesting  that,  after  both  the  business  and  each  member  of 
the  concern  had  bought  the  limit,  it  might  absorb  a  great  many  more 
Stamps  to  be  given  as  Christmas  gifts  or  paid  out  in  extra  dividends  and 
bonuses.  Supplementing  the  men  who  had  undertaken  to  go  into 
certain  counties,  the  State  Director  sent  as  many  field  workers  as  he 
could  command  at  the  time  into  the  counties  that  specially  needed  help. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  37 

But  with  all  this  effort,   it  is  doubtful   if  more  than  $200,000  was 
added  to  the  total. 

Special  Mention  of  Workers 

It  would  not  be  possible  or  proper  to  make  special  mention  of 
each  of  the  hundreds  of  patriotic  men  and  women  in  North  Carolina 
who  rendered  signal  service  in  the  War  Savings  Campaign — men  and 
women  who  gave  their  time  and  energy  to  the  cause,  without  counting 
the  cost.  But  with  some  of  these  the  War  Savings  cause  must  be 
forever  inseparably  connected.     One  of  them  is  Governor  Bickett. 

Not  only  did  Governor  Bickett  use  the  prestige  of  his  office  in 
behalf  of  War  Savings  but  he  gave  of  himself  freely,  gladly,  without 
stint.  During  the  entire  month  of  September,  accompanied  first  by 
Dr.  A.  H.  Patterson,  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  and  later 
by  Mr.  J.  G.  Stikeleather,  of  Asheville,  he  toured  fourteen  of  the 
mountain  counties  pleading  the  causes  of  both  the  War  and  War 
Savings. 

Another  of  these  men  is  Dr.  J.  Y.  Joyner,  then  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  of  North  Carolina.  Not  only  did  he  formally 
commit  his  educational  forces  to  the  obligation  of  pushing  War  Sav- 
ings but  he  threw  himself — heart  and  body — into  the  campaign. 

Among  the  men  who  represented  the  State  Headquarters  in  the 
field  with  special  effect  were  Mr.  O.  B.  Eaton  and  W.  M.  Scott, 
of  Winston-Salem;  Dr.  Chas.  E.  Reynal  and  Mr.  S.  B.  Miller,  of 
Statesville.  Mr.  Eaton  became  associated  with  the  State  Head- 
quarters early  in  the  campaign  and  was  in  the  work  to  the  end. 
Gifted  with  the  power  of  eloquent  and  appealing  speech,  he  used  his 
powers  in  behalf  of  War  Savings.  He  was,  in  deed  and  in  truth,  a 
flaming  evangelist  of  patriotism  all  over  North  Carolina.  And  when 
the  record  of  the  June  Drive  was  completed  it  was  found  that  the 
section  in  which  he  had  worked  most  had  made  the  best  showing  of 
any  in  the  State.  Mr.  Miller  and  Mr.  Scott  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  the  State  Director  their  unusual  gift  of  personal  solicitation.  Few 
men  in  the  State  were  their  equal  and  none  their  superior  in  presenting 
the  War  Savings  cause  and  in  getting  pledges.  Dr.  Chas.  E.  Reynal, 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Statesville,  early  saw  in 
the  War  Savings  campaign  moral  and  spiritual  values  which  challenged 
his  interest.  Not  only  did  he  give  freely  of  his  time  for  public  address 
but  he  aided  in  the  organization  and  in  the  personal  solicitation  as  well. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Dixon,  County  Chairman  of  Greene  County  that 
had  already  oversubscribed  its  allotment  by  28  per  cent,  took  ten  of  his 
best  workers  and  went  into  Rutherford  and  McDowell  Counties  and 
spent  a  week  canvassing  with  the  local  committees.  Mr.  J.  S.  Mc- 
Nider  of  Perquimans,  at  the  request  of  the  State  Director,  went  into 


38  THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 

Gates  County,  which  had  subscribed  only  7  per  cent  of  its  allotment  in 
June,  and  spent  two  weeks  helping  the  local  committee  perfect  a 
working  organization,  put  on  a  follow-up  drive,  and  had  the  satisfaction 
of  seeing  Gates  oversubscribe  its  allotment  by  15  per  cent. 

Mr.  Milton  W.  Harrison  of  New  York,  who  had  given  such  a 
distinct  impetus  to  the  campaign  in  its  early  stages,  came  back  and 
gave  the  first  week  in  September  to  work  in  Guilford,  Alamance, 
Orange,  Durham,  Cumberland,  and  Craven. 

The  Wounded  Soldiers 

In  addition  to  these,  each  one  of  whom  was  an  experienced  War 
Savings  worker,  the  Army  Hospital  at  Waynesville  furnished  the 
State  Director  at  least  a  dozen  young  American  soldiers  who  had  just 
returned  from  the  front,  gassed  or  wounded.  Some  of  these  boys  had 
even  taken  part  in  the  spring  War  drive  which  had  turned  the  tide  and 
begun  Germany's  retreat.  While  these  boys  were  not  experienced  speak- 
ers and  knew  little  about  War  Savings,  they  could  tell  their  experiences. 
They  were  sent  into  the  counties  in  pairs  and  were  permitted  to  stay 
in  a  county  as  much  as  a  week.  They  were  accompanied  by  local 
speakers  and  experienced  workers.  They  accomplished  in  the  rural 
counties  and  remote  districts  what  Captain  Fallon  and  Lieutenant  Choyce 
had  done  in  the  cities  and  larger  towns  of  the  State  earlier  in  the  year. 
And  these  soldiers  warmed  up  to  their  War  Savings  work  and  took 
pride  in  the  number  of  pledges  taken  at  their  meetings  the  same  as 
they  took  pride  in  the  number  of  Germans  taken  prisoners  or  accounted 
for  on  the  battlefront. 

The  following  citizens  gave  one  or  more  weeks  of  their  time  be- 
tween July  15  and  September  15  to  do  War  Savings  work  in  some 
county  other  than  their  own :  J.  M.  Broughton,  Raleigh ;  Owen  Gudger, 
Asheville;  R.  W.  Herring,  Fayetteville ;  F.  S.  Vernay,  Winston- 
Salem;  E.  F.  Aydlett,  Elizabeth  City;  Marshall  W.  Bell,  Murphy; 
E.  J.  Barnes,  Wilson;  J.  G.  Lewis,  Statesville;  Santford  Martin, 
Raleigh;  W.  C.  Manning,  Williamston;  W.  W  Neal,  Marion; 
J.  G.  Stikeleather,  Asheville;  L.  S.  Tomlinson,  Wilson;  M.  L.  Ship- 
man,  Raleigh;  J.  E.  Debnam,  Snow  Hill;  Rev.  Thomas  Grant,  Hook- 
erton;  H.  E.  Austin,  Greenville;  B.  D.  Ebbs,  Burnsville;  M.  E. 
Block,  Greensboro;  D.  Weatherspoon,  Murphy;  and  C.  W.  Wilson, 
Greenville. 

One  hesitates  to  mention  any  of  these  men  when  he  cannot  men- 
tion all.  The  insurance  companies  of  the  State,  particularly  the 
Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Company,  encouraged  their  agents  every- 
where to  be  active  in  the  sale  of  War  Savings  Stamps.  The  railroads 
operating  in  the  State  encouraged  their  agents  to  sell  Stamps.  When 
he  begins  calling  these  to  mind,  others  whose  work  was  scarcely,   if 


IN   NORTH   CAROLINA  39 

at  all,  less  resultful,  come  clamoring  for  mention:  D.  C.  Barnes  of 
Murf reesboro ;  Mrs.  Ollie  Webster  of  Siler  City;  Mrs.  N.  Mel. 
Moore,  postmaster  at  Warrenton;  J.  G.  Stikeleather,  Owen 
Gudger,  and  William  Burkel  of  Asheville;  D.  F.  Giles  of  Ral- 
eigh. As  early  as  February  Mr.  Giles  wrote  the  State  Director:  "Use 
me  anywhere  for  anything  (for  sixty  days),  for  I  must  do  something 
for  my  country,  and  I  believe  this  is  the  greatest  work  for  us  all  to 
do  at  this  time.  I  have  three  brothers  in  the  War,  one  in  France, 
giving  their  services  and  lives,  too,  if  they  are  needed,  and  here  I 
am  to  do  all  I  can  do.     Put  me  to  work." 

The  Women 

To  the  women  of  North  Carolina  acknowledgment  must  be  made 
for  their  most  excellent  service  to  the  War  Savings  cause.  Club  women, 
school  teachers,  home  demonstration  agents,  housewives — they  all  fell 
into  the  work,  heart  and  body.  Mrs.  Clarence  Johnson,  President  of 
the  North  Carolina  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  was  constantly 
promoting  War  Savings.  A  large  majority  of  the  War  Savings  Societies 
was  organized  by  women.  Thrift  Gardens  were  the  special  care  of 
country  women.  During  the  June  drive  a  colored  woman  in  Warren 
County,  a  school  teacher,  by  herself  secured  over  $1,500  in  pledges. 
Without  the  women's  aid  the  War  Savings  record  of  North  Carolina 
would  be  far  short  of  what  it  is. 


40  THE   WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF   1918 

CHAPTER  V. 

Financial  Results  of  the  Campaign 

The  results  of  the  War  Savings  Campaign  must  be  inventoried 
under  two  heads — first  the  amount  of  money  realized,  second  the 
nature  and  amount  of  good  done  the  people  of  the  State.  During 
the  first  half  of  the  campaign  educating  our  people  in  patriotism  and 
thrift  was  the  chief  object  and  the  raising  of  money  incidental;  during 
the  latter  half  of  the  campaign  raising  money  was  the  chief  object 
and  teaching  thrift  and  arousing  patriotism  incidental. 

Pledges 

The  fruits  of  the  campaign  in  terms  of  money,  being  tangible 
and  material,  may  be  definitely  counted.  Our  objective  was  $48,666,- 
380  or  $20.00  per  capita,  maturity  value,  for  every  man,  woman  and 
child — white  and  black — in  the  State.  This  is  the  same  basis  of 
apportionment  that  obtained  over  the  entire  nation.  At  the  end  of 
the  June  drive,  as  has  already  been  stated,  the  State  had  subscribed 
$30,790,390  or  not  quite  two-thirds  of  its  allotment.  At  the  end  of 
the  series  of  follow-up  drives  on  October  1,  the  State  had  subscribed 
$37,083,444  or  a  little  over  three-fourths  of  its  allotment.  The 
following  table  shows  the  portion  of  the  $48,666,380  alloted  to  each 
County  on  the  basis  of  population,  the  amount  that  had  been  subscribed 
in  each  County  by  October  1,  when  pledge-taking  ceased,  and  the 
per  cent  of  each  county's  allotment  that  had  been  subscribed  at  that 
time: 


County  Quota 

Alamance    631,660 

Alexander    255,020 

Alleghany    170,380 

Anson   560,220 

Ashe    419,620 

Avery    174,020 

Beaufort    679,280 

Bertie   506,840 

Bladen    396,160 

Brunswick    317,500 

Burke   470,960 

Buncombe    1,095,540 

Cabarrus    577,280 

Caldwell    452,720 

Camden    124,080 

Carteret     303,060 


Amount 

Per  Cent 

Pledged 

Pledged 

551,100 

87.23 

128,000 

50.19 

131,538 

77.20 

592,860 

105.82 

143,000 

34.07 

100,000 

57.46 

615,000 

90.54 

475,520 

93.82 

100,000 

25.24 

52,000 

16.40 

370,000 

78.56 

921,497 

83.20 

577,280 

100.00 

180,000 

39.75 

97,000 

78.49 

210,000 

69.28 

IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  41 


County  Quota 

Caswell    326,860 

Catawba 614,180 

Chatham    497,960 

Cherokee   310,980 

Chowan 248,660 

Clay 86,000 

Cleveland    648,860 

Columbus 616,440 

Craven   563,060 

Cumberland    674,380 

Currituck 169,240 

Dare    106,500 

Davidson   646,880 

Davie 294,660 

Duplin    559,720 

Durham   776,080 

Edgecombe    704,220 

Forsyth    1,040,840 

Franklin 543,220 

Gaston    .,    815,380 

Gates    230,000 

Graham    104,480 

Granville   552,240 

Greene    287,760 

Guilford 1,330,940 

Halifax 828,220 

Harnett    533,780 

Haywood    462,440 

Henderson    357,760 

Hertford 339,580 

Hoke  268,000 

Hyde 194,480 

Iredell 754,920 

Jackson   285,960 

Johnston    910,820 

Jones    191,860 

Lee    250,280 

Lenoir 500,920 

Lincoln 376,900 

McDowell    297,840 

Macon    268,200 

Madison   442,900 

Martin 391,540 

Mecklenburg    1,474,660 

Mitchell   205,260 

Montgomery    329,280 

Moore   374,220 

Nash    742,000 

New  Hanover 704,820 

Northampton    491,100 

Onslow  310,760 

Orange    331,400 

Pamlico    219,260 

Pasquotank 367,240 


Amount 

Per  Cent 

Pledged 

Pledged 

160,000 

48.95 

475,000 

77.50 

260,000 

52.21 

148,000 

47.59 

253,634 

102.00 

17,650 

20.52 

500,000 

77.07 

238,000 

35.52 

335,000 

59.49 

300,000 

44.48 

70,000 

41.36 

25,000 

23.47 

511,000 

78.90 

200,000 

67.84 

233,000 

41.62 

640,000 

82.46 

720,000 

102.24 

1,250,000 

120.09 

564,000 

103.62 

675,000 

82.56 

270,000 

117.39 

41,420 

39.54 

412,078 

74.62 

370,000 

128.54 

1,100,000 

82.64 

625,000 

77.86 

325,000 

60.88 

396,514 

85.74 

365,000 

102.02 

299,252 

88.12 

125,200 

43.02 

160,000 

82.21 

755,000 

100.01 

257,300 

89.97 

750,000 

82.34 

208,473 

108.66 

210,000 

83.90 

501,000 

100.01 

212,084 

56.26 

189,235 

63.53 

150,000 

55.17 

265,000 

59.89 

426,000 

108.80 

1,489,660 

101.01 

148,000 

72.10 

230,496 

70.00 

178,000 

47.59 

744,000 

100.26 

488,296 

69.28 

440,000 

89.59 

300,000 

96.53 

256,000 

77.54 

150,000 

68.42 

235,000 

63.96 

42  THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 


County  Quota 

Pender   340,360 

Perquimans 243,180 

Person    381,840 

Pitt    799,480 

Polk    168,080 

Randolph 648,800 

Richmond    - 432,800 

Robeson  1,059,280 

Rockingham   801,720 

Rowan 825,460 

Rutherford    624,480 

Sampson    659,600 

Scotland    337,980 

Stanly    438,000 

Stokes    443,320 

Surry    653,520 

Swain   228,860 

Transylvania    158,200 

Tyrell   114,820 

Union    732,100 

Vance   427,360 

Wake    1,391,040 

Warren 445,860 

Washington 243,360 

Watauga 298,240 

Wayne    785,360 

Wilkes    666,200 

Wilson    621,920 

Yadkin   339,420 

Yancey  265,340 

North  Carolina $48,666,380 

From  the  above  table  it  appears  that  on  October  1  nineteen  coun- 
ties had  subscribed  their  full  allotment;  six,  between  90  and  100  per 
cent ;  twenty-nine  between  75  and  90  per  cent ;  twenty-seven,  between 
50  and  75  per  cent,  and  nineteen,  less  than  50  per  cent.  In  per  cent 
of  allotment  subscribed,  Greene  County  led  with  128.54  per  cent; 
in   total  subscriptions,   Mecklenburg  led,  with  $1,489,660  subscribed. 

Sales  by  Months 

Sales,  rather  than  pledges,  count  at  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States.  War  Savings  Stamps  were  put  on  sale  December  3,  1917. 
While  exact  figures  are  not  at  hand,  it  is  believed  that  not  over 
$50,000  was  invested  in  War  Savings  Stamps  in  North  Carolina 
during  December,  1917.  Only  $10,000,000  was  invested  in  Stamps  in 
the  United   States  that  month.     The  following  table  gives  the  sales 


Amount 

Per  Cent 

Pledged 

Pledged 

200,000 

58.75 

243,180 

100.00 

275,000 

72.28 

861,655 

107.77 

109,720 

65.29 

385,000 

59.18 

279,814 

64.65 

650,000 

52.86 

650,000 

81.06 

615,000 

74.57 

311.635 

49.74 

200,000 

31.99 

275,000 

81.36 

341,350 

77.85 

371,900 

83.88 

525,000 

80.33 

147,000 

63.75 

90,000 

56.36 

81,255 

77.67 

734,000 

100.25 

325,000 

76.04 

1,101,000 

79.15 

300,000 

67.28 

175,000 

71.08 

100,000 

33.53 

650.000 

82.77 

125,000 

18.76 

740,158 

119.01 

205,850 

60.64 

121,940 

45.95 

$37,083,444 

76.20 

IN   NORTH   CAROLINA 


43 


by    months    after    that,    always    counting   the    maturity  value    of    the 
Stamps : 

Month                                                                     Month's  Sales  Total  Sales 

December No  Report  No  Report 

January No  Report  No  Report 

February No  Report  $1,051,038 

March $1,188,064  2,339,102 

April   2,002,299  4,339,401 

May 1,546,529  5,885,930 

June    1,650,088  7,536,018 

July    4,707,345  12,243,363 

August    2,206,715  14,450,078 

September 2,560,489  17,010,567 

October    2,554,065  19,565,532 

November    2,338,818  21,904,350 

December    5,745,047  27,649,397 


North  Carolina  sold  $27,649,397,*  maturity 
cent  of  its  allotment. 


val 


ue,  or 


56.80 


per 


Sales  by  Counties 

The  following  tables  show  the  total  amount  sold  by  each  County, 
the  per  cent  of  its  allotment  sold,  and  the  'standing  of  each  Countv 
among  the  100  Counties  of  the  State: 


County  Allotment 

Alamance 631,660 

Alexander    255,020 

Alleghany 170,380 

Anson  560,220 

Ashe    419,620 

Avery    174,020 

Beaufort    679,280 

Bertie   506,840 

Bladen    396,160 

Brunswick 317,500 

Burke    470,960 

Buncombe    1,095,540 

Cabarrus    577,280 

Caldwell 452,720 

Camden    124,080 

Carteret  303,060 

Caswell 326,860 


Per  cent 

Standing 

Ami.  Sold 

Sold 

In  Sales 

452,816 

71.69 

21 

99,043 

38.84 

65 

30,159 

17.70 

93 

403,492 

72.02 

20 

76,161 

18.15 

92 

101,890 

58.55 

34 

299,613 

44.11 

55 

196,281 

38.61 

67 

57,430 

14.41 

98 

29,038 

9.14 

100 

255,812 

54.32 

43 

964,823 

88.07 

6 

564,293 

97.75 

3 

123,268 

27.23 

88 

44,961 

36.24 

71 

129,587 

42.76 

58 

111,848 

34.19 

79 

*This  total  represents  maturity,  rather  than  cash,  value  and  includes 
sales  by  banks  to  January  10,  1919.  The  total  of  sales  reported  by  the 
Treasury  Department,  on  the  other  hand,  which  is  $21,085,388,  represents 
cash  sales  to  December  31,  1918,  and  does  not  include  redemptions — that 
is,  Stamps  cashed  in  during  the  year.  This  explains  the  apparent  dis- 
crepancy between  the  figures  published  by  the  Treasury  Department  and 
those  used  in  this  volume.  All  the  figures  of  sales  used  in  this  history 
are  of  maturity  value. 


44  THE   WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 

Per  cent      Standing 

County                             Allotment  Amt.  Sold  Sold           In  Sales 

Catawba    614,180  437,977  71.31  22 

Chatham    497,960  211,382  42.43  59 

Cherokee  • 310,980  155,375  49.95  49 

Chowan 246,660  186,744  75.66  13 

Clay 86,000  13,493  15.69  97 

Cleveland 648,860  411,503  63.42  28 

Columbus 616,440  150,127  24.35  90 

Craven    563,060  298,734  53.04  45 

Cumberland 674,380  232,799  34.52  75 

Currituck 169,240  24,302  14.36  99 

Dare    106,500  26,879  25.24  89 

Davidson   646,880  466,791  72.16  19 

Davie 294,660  198,971  67.53  25 

Duplin    559,660  199,206  35.59  73 

Durham    776,080  543,162  69.99  23 

Edgecombe*    704,220  750,546  106.58                   2 

Forsyth    1,040,840  1,272,226  122.37                   1 

Franklin    543,220  267,725  49.29  50 

Gaston    815,380  465,434  57.08  38 

Gates ! 230,000  87,809  38.18  69 

Graham 104,480  31,478  30.13  84 

Granville   552,240  304,380  55.12  40 

Greene    287,760  227,150  78.94  11 

Guilford   1,330,940  990,957  74.45  15 

Halifax    828,220  401,672  48.49  51 

Harnett 533,780  206,022  38.59  68 

Haywood    462,400  36S.813  79.57  10 

Henderson 357,760  208,770  58.91  32 

Hertford 339,580  187,850  55.35  39 

Hoke   268,000  74,896  27.95  87 

Hyde   194,480  78,273  40.25  63 

Iredell    754,920  548,952  72.72  18 

Jackson    285,960  89,097  31.16  82 

Johnston    910,820  410,807  45.10  53 

Jones 191,860  112,664  58.72  33 

Lee 250,280  228,378  91.25                  5 

Lenoir    500,920  286,029  57.10  37 

Lincoln 376,900  217,072  57.59  35 

McDowell 297,840  154,274  51.79  46 

Macon    268,200  96,016  35.71  72 

Madison 442,900  239,206  54.09  44 

Martin    391,540  169,840  43.37  56 

Mecklenburg    1,474,660  1,072,934  72.76  17 

Mitchell    205,260  70,462  34.33  77 

Montgomery    329,280  141,579  42.99  57 

Moore   —    374,220  156,246  41.75  60 

Nash*    742,000  213,077  28.72  86 

New  Hanover 704,820  404,129  57.34  36 

Northampton    491,100  249,114  50.72  47 

Onslow 310,760  142,949  45.99  52 

Orange   331,400  241,654  72.92  16 

Pamlico    219,260  77,170  35.19  74 

Pasquotank 367,240  240,473  65.48  26 

*A11  the  sales  made  by  the  Rocky  Mount  agencies  and  postoffices  were 
credited  to  Edgecombe  County,  though  a  large  but  altogether  incalculable 
amount  of  Stamps  was  purchased  by  residents  of  Nash  County. 


IN    NORTH    CAROLINA 


45 


County  Allotment 

Pender    340,360 

Perquimans 243,180 

Person    381,840 

Pitt    799,480 

Polk 168,080 

Randolph 648,800 

Richmond 432,800 

Robeson  1,059,280 

Rockingham    801,720 

Rowan    825,460 

Rutherford 624,480 

Sampson    659,600 

Scotland    337,980 

Stanly    438,000 

Stokes 443,320 

Surry    653,520 

Swain    228,860 

Transylvania    158,200 

Tyrrell   114,820 

Union    732,100 

Vance    427,360 

Wake 1,391,040 

Warren 445,860 

Washington 243,360 

Watauga    298,240 

Wayne    785,360 

Wilkes    —  666,200 

Wilson    621,920 

Yadkin    339,420 

Yancy   265,340 


North  Carolina__$48,666,380 


Per  cent 

Standing 

Amt.  Sold 

Sold 

In  Sales 

59,068 

17.35 

94 

167,467 

68.86 

24 

171,282 

44.86 

54 

661,988 

82.80 

8 

50,094 

29.80 

85 

222,371 

34.28 

78 

238,398 

55.08 

41 

327,349 

30.90 

83 

517,083 

64.49 

27 

638,844 

77.39 

12 

242,267 

38.74 

66 

113,410 

17.19 

95 

107,732 

31.87 

80 

368,976 

84.24 

7 

152,726 

34.45 

76 

493,512 

75.51 

14 

138,617 

60.57 

30 

60,217 

38.06 

70 

47,419 

41.29 

61 

600,546 

82.03 

9 

264,056 

61.79 

29 

764,420 

54.96 

42 

225,770 

50.65 

48 

74,844 

31.58 

81 

47,861 

16.05 

96 

468,308 

59.63 

31 

146,259 

21.95 

91 

592,683 

95.29 

4 

136,951 

40.35 

62 

103,578 

39.03 

64 

$27,649,397 

56.80 

Standing  of   Counties  in  War  Savings   Sales 


County 


Per  Cent       Standing  County 


Per  Cent      Standing 


Forsyth   122.37  1 

Edgecombe 106.58  2 

Cabarrus 97.75  3 

Wilson 95.29  4 

Lee  91.25  5 

Buncombe 88.07  6 

Stanly    84.24  7 

Pitt 82.80  8 

Union 82.03  9 

Haywood 79.57  10 

Greene 78.94  11 

Rowan 77.39  12 

Chowan 75.66  13 

Surry 75.51  14 

Guilford 74.45  15 

Orange 72.92  16 

Mecklenburg 72.76  17 

Iredell   72.72  18 

Davidson 72.16  19 

Anson 72.02  20 


Alamance    71.69  21 

Catawba    71.31  22 

Durham 69.99  23 

Perquimans    68.86  24 

Davie   67.53  25 

Pasquotank 65.48  26 

Rockingham 64.49  27 

Cleveland    63.42  28 

Vance    61.79  29 

Swain 60.57  30 

Wayne   59.63  31 

Henderson    58.91  32 

Jones    58.72  33 

Avery 58.55  34 

Lincoln 57.59  35 

New  Hanover 57.34  36 

Lenoir    57.10  37 

Gaston 57.08  38 

Hertford    55.35  39 

Granville 55.12  40 


46 


THE   WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF  1918 


County                Per  Cent  Standing 

Richmond 55.08  41 

Wake    54.96  42 

Burke    54.32  43 

Madison 54.09  44 

Craven 53.04  45 

McDowell    51.79  46 

Northampton 50.72  47 

Warren    50.64  48 

Cherokee - 49.95  49 

Franklin   49.29  50 

Halifax 48.49  51 

Onslow 45.99  52 

Johnston 45.10  53 

Person 44.86  54 

Beaufort    44.11  55 

Martin  43.37  56 

Montgomery 42.99  57 

Carteret    42.76  58 

Chatham 42.43  59 

Moore    41.75  60 

Tyrrell 41.29  61 

Yadkin 40.35  62 

Hyde 40.25  63 

Yancy    39.03  64 

Alexander    38.84  65 

Rutherford 38.74  66 

Bertie    38.61  67 

Harnett 38.59  68 

Gates    38.18  69 

Transylvania 38.06  70 


County                Per  Cent  Standing 

Camden 36.24  71 

Macon    35.71  72 

Duplin   35.59  73 

Pamlico 35.19  74 

Cumberland 34.52  75 

Stokes    34.45  76 

Mitchell 34.33  77 

Randolph 34.28  78 

Caswell   34.19  79 

Scotland   31.87  80 

Washington 31.58  81 

Jackson    31k16  82 

Robeson    30.90  83 

Graham 30.13  84 

Polk   29.80  85 

Nash 28.72  86 

Hoke 27.95  87 

Caldwell    27.23  88 

Dare 25.24  89 

Columbus 24.35  90 

Wilkes 21.95  91 

Ashe 18.15  92 

Alleghany 17.70  93 

Pender 17.35  94 

Sampson   17.19  95 

Watauga   16.05  96 

Clay    15.69  97 

Bladen 14.41  98 

Currituck    14.36  99 

Brunswick    9.14  100 


Only  two  Counties — namely,  Forsyth  and  Edgecombe — sold  their 
entire  allotment;  three,  between  90  and  100  per  cent;  nine,  between 
75  and  90  per  cent;  thirty-four,  between  50  and  75  per  cent;  and  the 
other  fifty-two,  less  than  50  per  cent  of  their  allotment. 

Per  Capita  Wealth 


An  indication  of  the  bigness  of  the  undertaking  to  raise  $20  per 
capita,  with  a  limit  of  $1,000  upon  the  amount  that  could  be  owned 
by  any  one  person,  is  shown  by  the  per  cent  of  the  money  value  of 
the  property  of  a  county,  as  shown  by  the  tax-books,  that  it  would 
have  taken  to  secure  the  War  Savings  allotment.  To  be  sure,  property 
is  listed  everywhere  in  North  Carolina  at  far  below  its  real  value. 
And  it  is  true  that  the  difference  between  listed  value  and  real  value 
varies  with  individuals  and  with  counties.  But  after  all  discounts 
because  of  these  facts  have  been  made,  it  remains  that  the  listed  property 
values  compared  with  the  War  Savings  allotment  is  an  index  to  the 
enormity  of  the  War  Savings  task.  The  following  tables  show  the 
per   capita  wealth   of   each   county   as   shown   upon   the   tax-books   of 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA 


47 


1918,  the  per  capita  investment  in  War  Savings  Stamps  and  the  per 
cent  of  per  capita  wealth  invested  in  War  Savings  Stamps  during  1918: 

Relation  of  War  Savings   Investment  to   Per   Capita  Wealth 


County 


Per  Capita 
Wealth 


Per  Capita        Per  Cent  of 
Investment    Per  Capita  Wealth 
in  W.S.S.        Invested  in  W.S.S. 


Alamance   $421.37 

Alexander 291.53 

Alleghany 222.98 

Anson    350.87 

Ashe 213.72 

Avery 277.13 

Beaufort   334.02 

Bertie 326.73 

Bladen 338.14 

Brunswick    318.57 

Buncombe 611.27 

Burke    310.16 

Cabarrus •  522.57 

Caldwell   280.59 

Camden 284.31 

Carteret 293.62 

Caswell  214.55* 

Catawba    — 370.53 

Chatham  309.21* 

Cherokee 362.63 

Chowan 353.89 

Clay    283.39 

Cleveland   360.81* 

Columbus   371.18 

Craven 455.31 

Cumberland 379.16 

Currituck   284.99 

Dare 167.73 

Davidson 448.33* 

Davie  378.14 

Duplin   367.21 

Durham 985.99 

Edgecombe 468.35 

Forsyth 712.96 

Franklin  321.40* 

Gaston 577.19 

Gates    360.99 

Graham 354.22 

Granville 401.39 

Greene 355.25 

Guilford 525.99* 

Halifax    481.92 

Harnett 389.80 

Haywood 375.67 

Henderson   367.59 

Hertford   364.86 

Hoke    315.74 

Hyde    269.40 

Iredell   427.26 


$14.33 

7.76 

3.54 

14.40 

3.63 

11.71 

8.82 

7.72 

2.88 

1.82 

17.60 

10.86 

19.55 

5.44 

7.24 

8.55 

6.83 

14.26 

8.48 

9.98 

15.13 

3.13 

12.68 

4.86 

10.60 

6.90 

2.87 

5.04 

14.42 

13.50 

7.11 

13.99 

21.31 

24.47 

9.85 

11.41 

7.63 

6.02 

11.02 

15.78 

14.89 

9.69 

7.71 

15.91 

11.78 

11.07 

5.59 

8.04 

14.54 


3.40 
2.66 
1.59 
4.10 
1.698 
4.22 
2.64 
2.36 
.85 
.57 
2.87 
3.50 
3.74 
1.94 
2.54 
2.912 
3.18 
3.85 
2.742 
2.75 
4.27 
1.10 
3.51 
1.31 
2.33 
1.82 
1.07 
3.00 
3.22 
3.57 
1.94 
1.42 
4.34 
3.43 
3.06 
1.99 
2.114 
1.699 
2.745 
4.44 
2.83 
2.01 
1.98 
4.23 
3.20 
3.03 
1.77 
2.98 
3.403 


Standing 

24 
53 
87 
11 
84 

8 
54 
66 
99 
100 
46 
21 
17 
78 
57 
42 
31 
13 
50 
48 

5 
95 
20 
93 
67 
80 
97 
38 
28 
19 
79 
91 

3 
22 
35 
74 
69 
83 
49 

2 
47 
72 
75 

7 

30 
36 
82 
39 
23 


48 


THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN   OF  1918 


Per  Capita  Per  Capita        Per  Cent  of 

County  Wealth  Investment    Per  Capita  Wealth     Standing 

in  W.S.S.        Invested  in  W.S.S. 

Jackson 319.11  6.23  1.95  77 

Johnston 426.88  9.02  2.113  71 

Jones   365.82  11.74  3.21  29 

Lee   420.99  18.25  4.33  4 

Lenoir    421.97  11.42  2.70  51 

Lincoln   371.93  11.51  3.09  33 

Macon    247.19  7.14  2.88  45 

Madison 288.42  10.81  3.77  15 

Martin 518.34  8.67  1.67  85 

McDowell    420.82*  10.35  2.4595  62 

Mecklenburg 595.91  14.55  2.44  64 

Mitchell 232.93  6.86  2.94  40 

Montgomery 341.14  8.59  2.52  59 

Moore    500.79  8.25  1.64  86 

Nash 456.50  5.64  1.24  94 

New  Hanover 396.50  11.46  2.89  44 

Northampton 412.36  10.14  2.46  63 

Onslow    458.28  9.19  2.005  73 

Orange    483.73  14.58  3.01  37 

Pamlico 216.75  7.03  3.24  27 

Pasquotank    392.19  13.09  3.337  26 

Pender 328.74*  3.47  1.05  98 

Perquimans    323.59  13.77  4.25  6 

Person 284.99  8.97  3.17  32 

Pitt 451.47  16.56  3.66  18 

Polk   303.23  5.96  1.97  76 

Randolph    321.18  6.85  2.13  70 

Richmond 442.71*  11.01  2.49  60 

Robeson 397.26  6.18  1.55  89 

Rockingham 416.79  12.89  3.09  34 

Rowan 455.91  15.47  3.38  25 

Rutherford 295.24  7.74  2.62  56 

Sampson 299.27  3.53  1.18  96 

Scotland    435.63  6.37  1.46  90 

Stanly    439.05  16.84  3.83  14 

Stokes    272.83  6.89  2.52  58 

Surry 373.88  15.10  4.23  9 

Swain    489.73  12.11  2.47  61 

Transylvania 539.21  7.61  1.41  92 

Tyrrell 313.53  8.25  2.63  55 

Union 327.06  16.40  5.01  1 

Vance 519.27  12.35  2.38  65 

Wake    491.20  10.99  2.24  68 

Warren    347.57  10.12  2.911  43 

Washington    347.09  6.31  1.818  81 

Watauga 205.99  3.21  1.56  88 

Wayne   444.77*  11.92  2.69  52 

Wilkes 218.57  6.39  2.92  41 

Wilson 507.01  19.05  3.76  16 

Yadkin      228.42  8.07  3.97  12 

Yancy    188.95  7.80  4.13  10 

North  Carolina  __$418.96  $11.36  2.71 

♦Represents  1917  valuation,  as  the  1918  figures  are  not  available. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA 


49 


Standing  of  Counties  in  the  Percentage  of  Wealth 
Invested  in  War  Savings  Stamps 


County  Standing 

Union 1 

Greene    2 

Edgecombe    3 

Lee 4 

Chowan    5 

Perquimans 6 

Haywood   7 

Avery    8 

Surry 9 

Yancy 10 

Anson 11 

Yadkin   12 

Catawba 13 

Stanly 14 

Madison   15 

Wilson    16 

Cabarrus    17 

Pitt    18 

Davie    19 

Cleveland 20 

Burke   21 

Forsyth 22 

Iredell 23 

Alamance 24 

Rowan 25 

Pasquotank 26 

Pamlico    27 

Davidson    28 

Jones 29 

Henderson 30 

Caswell 31 

Person 32 

Lincoln 33 

Rockingham    34 

Franklin 35 

Hertford — _  36 

Orange    37 

Dare    38 

Hyde 39 

Mitchell   40 

Wilkes 41 

Carteret  42 

Warren 43 

New  Hanover 44 

Macon 45 

Buncombe   46 

Guilford  47 

Cherokee   48 

Granville   49 

Chatham 50 


County  Standing 

Lenoir 51 

Wayne 52 

Alexander   53 

Beaufort 54 

Tyrrell   55 

Rutherford 56 

Camden    57 

Stokes 58 

Montgomery   59 

Richmond 60 

Swain   61 

McDowell 62 

Northampton 63 

Mecklenburg 64 

Vance   65 

Bertie   66 

Craven   67 

Wake 68 

Gates 69 

Randolph 70 

Johnston    71 

Halifax 72 

Onslow 73 

Gaston    74 

Harnett    75 

Polk 76 

Jackson    77 

Caldwell    78 

Duplin 79 

Cumberland 80 

Washington    81 

Hoke 82 

Graham    83 

Ashe    84 

Martin 85 

Moore   86 

Alleghany   87 

Watauga 88 

Robeson  89 

Scotland 90 

Durham    91 

Transylvania 92 

Columbus 93 

Nash    94 

Clay 95 

Sampson    96 

Currituck    97 

Pender 98 

Bladen 99 

Brunswick 100 


m  THE   WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF   1918 

Only  one  County — Union — invested  as  much  as  five  per  cent  of 
its  wealth  in  War  Savings  Stamps;  ten  invested  as  much  as  four  per 
cent;  twenty-seven,  as  much  as  three  per  cent;  thirty-five,  as  much 
as  two  per  cent;  twenty-five,  as  much  as  one  per  cent;  and  only  two 
Counties — Bladen  and  Brunswick — invested  less  than  one  per  cent  of 
their  wealth  in  War  Savings  Stamps. 

North  Carolina  Compared  With  Other  States 

There  is  special  difficulty  in  comparing  the  War  Savings  record 
of  North  Carolina  with  that  of  other  States  because,  as  has  been 
stated  before,  the  sales  of  Stamps  in  North  Carolina  have  been  figured 
at  maturity  value,  while  the  sales  for  all  the  States  published  by  the 
Treasury  Department  have  been  figured  at  the  cash  value,  which  varies 
from  month  to  month.  The  following  table,*  however,  gives  the 
standing  of  the  States  in  cash  sales  on  December  31,  1918: 


State  Total  Sales 

(Cask) 

Nebraska 27,450,189.85 

Ohio 86,244,733.20 

South  Dakota—     9,911,807.81 

Iowa    35,955,734.85 

Oregon   12,887,111.48 

Kansas   26,495,217.75 

Indiana 40,821,176.90 

Vermont 5,120,236.27 

Montana 6,501,569.80 

Washington    __  21,349,745.64 

Nevada 1,439,411.01 

Missouri 44,522,304.61 

Colorado 12,591,100.72 

Wisconsin 30,911,994.53 

California    36,705,533.59 

Utah    5,274,317.28 

New  Hampshire     5,252,890.79 

Minnesota 27,390,858.62 

Connecticut 15,667,193.94 

West  Virginia     16,124,803.94 

Arizona    2,784,738.32 

Maine    7,929,762.90 

Texas    45,501,752.27 

Idaho 4,347,989.42 

Tennessee 22,119,226.12 


Per  Capita  Sales    Standing  Standing 

(Cash)         Total  Sales    Per  Cap.  Sales 


21.18 

11 

1 

16.39 

1 

2 

16.38 

32 

3 

15.13 

9 

4 

14.94 

28 

5 

14.03 

13 

6 

14.00 

7 

7 

13.90 

42 

8 

13.75 

36 

9 

13.70 

17 

10 

12.93 

47 

11 

12.54 

6 

12 

12.42 

30 

13 

12.19 

10 

14 

11.92 

8 

15 

11.85 

40 

16 

11.78 

41 

17 

11.75 

12 

18 

11.74 

23 

19 

11.35 

22 

20 

10.56 

44 

21 

10.11 

34 

22 

9.94 

5 

23 

9.69 

43 

24 

9.49 

16 

25 

*In  the  table  the  District  of  Columbia,  whose  total  sales  amounted  to 
$5,882,850.40  and  per  capita  sales  $15.93,  has  been  omitted  in  order  that 
the  rtandings  of  the  States  might  be  better  compared  with  one  another. 
And  for  the  same  reason  California,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania  each 
has  been  considered  as  a  unit  instead  of  dividing  it  into  sections  as  was 
done,  for  the  same  of  convenience,  during  the  campaign. 


9.48 

48 

26 

9.37 

37 

27 

9.32 

45 

28 

9.32 

4 

29 

8.78 

20 

30 

8.66 

39 

31 

8.66 

18 

32 

8.64 

19 

33 

8.17 

3 

34 

7.85 

2 

35 

7.35 

24 

36 

7.32 

27 

37 

7.20 

29 

38 

6.73 

15 

39 

6.50 

25 

40 

6.35 

14 

41 

5.98 

33 

42 

5.57 

38 

43 

5.46 

21 

44 

5.44 

46 

45 

4.78 

26 

46 

4.69 

35 

47 

4.48 

31 

48 

IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  51 

State  Total  Sales  Per  Capita  Sales    Standing  Standing 

(Cash)  (Cash)         Total  Sales    Per  Cap.  Sales 

Wyoming 1,349,487.58 

Rhode  Island  —  5,917,095.42 

Delaware 2,189,639.17 

Illinois    58,519,777.37 

Oklahoma    20,334,878.66 

North  Dakota—  5,758,515.00 

North    Carolina  21,085,388.00 

Kentucky 20,951,884.21 

Pennsylvania    _  69,109,645.10 

New   York 83,574,795.98 

Mississippi    14,668,967.67 

Louisiana    13,656,584.73 

Arkansas    12,785,006.63 

Michigan 23,262,967.05 

Virginia    14,662,008.82 

Massachusetts  24,786,876.63 

Maryland 8,429,669.48 

Florida 5,746,675.46 

New  Jersey 17,050,372.44 

New  Mexico   —  1,902,412.46 

Georgia    13,758,550.50 

South  Carolina  7,713,522.23 

Alabama 10,668,499.20 

United  States  1,015,067,471.80  9.64 

Analysis  of  the  above  table  shows  that  in  total  sales,  cash  value, 
North  Carolina  stood  18th  and  in  per  capita  sales  32nd  among  the  48 
States.  In  both  total  and  per  capita  sales  North  Carolina  led  all  the 
Southern  States  except  Tennessee  and  Texas.  Its  total  sales  lacked  only 
about  $1,000,000  being  as  much  as  the  sales  of  Virginia  and  South 
Carolina  combined,  and  its  per  capita  sales  but  $2.53  being  as  much  as 
theirs  combined.  In  its  per  capita  sales  it  was  ahead  of  Pennsylvania, 
New  York,  Massachusetts,  Maryland,  Michigan,  and  New  Jersey,  as 
well  as  the  Southern  States  except  Tennessee  and  Texas. 

Per  Capita  Savings 

The  success  of  the  War  Savings  Campaign  in  increasing  the  savings 
of  our  people  is  shown  clearly  by  the  per  capita  savings  figures  of  the 
country  in  1914  and  again  in  1918.  The  following  table,  for  which 
one  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Milton  W.  Harrison  of  the  Savings  Bank 
Section  of  the  American  Bankers  Association,  shows  the  per  capita 
savings  in  Banks  and  Trust  Companies  of  the  United  States,  of  each 
section  of  the  United  States,  and  of  each  State  in  1914  and  in  1918, 
together  with  the  percentage  of  increase : 


52 


THE   WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF   1918 


Savings  in  Banks  and  Trust  Companies 


Per  Capita 
Savings  1914 

NEW   ENGLAND    STATES— 

Maine $201.81 

New  Hampshire 245.39 

Vermont    244.07 

Massachusetts    240.91 

Rhode  Island 258.31 

Connecticut    288.80 

Total 245.78 

EASTERN  STATES— 

New  York 226.32 

New  Jersey 111.84 

Pennsylvania 101.85 

Delaware    77.89 

Maryland 113.76 

Washington,  D.  C 31.13 

Total 157.25 

SOUTHERN   STATES— 

Virginia 31.89 

West  Virginia 52.08 

North  Carolina 17.20 

South  Carolina 21.24 

Georgia  17.53 

Florida    19.50 

Alabama 13.02 

Mississippi 9.20 

Louisiana   23.12 

Texas 5.11 

Arkansas    7.20 

Kentucky    21.08 

Tennessee 17.37 

Total 18.45 

MIDDLE  WEST   STATES— 

Ohio   85.68 

Indiana   44.57 

Illinois    82.30 

Michigan    96.18 

Wisconsin    74.88 

Minnesota 92.51 

Iowa 114.83 

Missouri    44.77 

Total 72.48 


Per  Capita 
Savings  1918 


$244.16 
297.63 
338.43 
291.99 
285.12 
377.59 

295.93 


174.14 


26.73 


Percentage 
Increase 


20.9 
21.3 
38.7 
21.6 
10.3 
30.7 


20.3 


245.88 

8.6 

150.77 

34.8 

106.65 

4.7 

117.71 

51.1 

145.25 

27.7 

75.74 

143.3 

10.7 


44.89 

41.1 

68.92 

32.3 

24.24 

40.9 

33.49 

57.7 

28.14 

60.5 

39.20 

101.1 

13.73 

5.4 

19.29 

108.5 

30.04 

25.6 

10.10 

97.6 

11.06 

53.6 

28.11 

33.3 

28.64 

64.2 

44.9 


128.70 

50.2 

62.61 

40. 

103.52 

25.7 

150.47 

56.4 

108.91 

45.4 

147.14 

59. 

169.46 

47.5 

53.92 

20.4 

100.97 


39.3 


IN  NORTH    CAROLINA 


53 


Per  Capita 

Percentage 

Savings  1918 

Increase 

131.55 

279.1 

137.15 

77.8 

101.61 

59.3 

49.01 

66.1 

146.09 

135.4 

101.38 

25.7 

96.06 

54.1 

33.29 

61.1 

26.88 

154.3 

76.78 

101.1 

87.52 

45.8 

69.08 

50 

244.22 

22.8 

61.22 

116.9 

108.54 

44.6 

116.50 

70.2 

171.84 

407.6 

170.05 

46.9 

113.45 

27.3 

Per  Capita 
Savings  1914 
WESTERN    STATES— 

North  Dakota 34.64 

South   Dakota 77.02 

Nebraska 63.82 

Kansas 29.43 

Montana   62.05 

Wyoming 80.61 

Colorado  62.33 

New  Mexico 20.66 

Oklahoma 10.57 

Total 38.21 

PACIFIC   STATES— 

Washington   60.01 

Oregon    46.03 

California 198.74 

Idaho  28.22 

Utah 75.06 

Nevada 68.44 

Arizona   33.85 

Total 122.66 

UNITED  STATES 89.11 

Adding  $20.00  to  the  per  capita  savings  of  one  of  the  New  Eng- 
land States,  whose  savings  were  already  over  $200.00  per  capita,  meant 
an  increase  of  only  ten  per  cent.  But  adding  that  much  to  the  per 
capita  savings  of  North  Carolina,  whose  savings  in  banks  were  only 
$24.24  in  1918,  meant  an  increase  of  nearly  100  per  cent.  The  savings 
of  North  Carolina  now  is  $35.60  per  capita,  representing  an  increase 
of  46.8  per  cent,  which  is  directly  traceable  to  the  War  Savings  Cam- 
paign. The  savings  of  the  United  States  now  is  $123.45  per  capita, 
representing  an  increase  of  about  8  per  cent,  directly  traceable  to  the 
War  Savings  Campaign.  A  comparison  of  North  Carolina  with  the 
other  States  of  the  Union  would  show  that  the  War  Savings  Cam- 
paign increased  its  per  capita  savings  by  a  larger  percentage  than  the 
War  Savings  Campaign  increased  the  per  capita  savings  of  any  other 
except  a  Southern  State.  This  is,  of  course,  attributable  to  the  smallness  of 
the  per  capita  savings  of  North  Carolina  and  the  other  Southern  States 
when  the  War  Savings  Campaign  began ;  but  the  big  increase  indi- 
cates, none  the  less,  the  success  of  the  War  Savings  Campaign  in  pro- 
moting savings. 

Enormity  of  the  War  Savings  Allotment 

The  enormity  and,  in  fact,  the  utter  impossibility  of  accomplish- 
ment of  the  War  Savings  task  measured  in  terms  of  money  is  shown 
by  a  comparison  of  results  under  different  bases  of  allotment. 

Had  the  War  Savings  allotment  been  made  on  the  basis  of  bank 
resources  on  December  31,  1917,  as  the  four  Liberty  Loan  allotments 


54 


THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 


were  made,  it  would  have  been  but  $12,000,000;  on  the  basis  of 
population  it  was  four  times  that  much.  Had  the  Liberty  Loan  allot- 
ments of  the  first  four  loans  combined  been  made  on  the  basis  of 
population,  it  would  have  been  $336,000,000;  on  the  basis  of  bank 
resources  it  was  only  a  little  more  than  a  third  that  much. 

Had  the  War  Savings  allotment  been  made  on  the  basis  of 
savings  deposits  on  January  1,  1918,  it  would  have  been  but  $12,- 
500,000.  Had  every  dollar  asked  for  War  Savings  in  1918  been 
drawn  out  of  the  savings  banks  of  the  country  and  had  each  State 
reached  its  allotment,  the  savings  banks  deposits  of  the  country  would 
have  been  depleted  only  21  per  cent,  while  the  savings  banks  deposits 
of  North  Carolina  would  have  been  depleted  82  per  cent.  In  other 
words,  the  War  Savings  allotment  would  have  taken  over  four-fifths 
of  the  accumulated  savings  of  North  Carolina  as  compared  with  one- 
fifth  of  the  savings  of  the  nation  as  a  whole. 

Had  the  War  Savings  allotment  been  made  on  the  basis  of  per 
capita  wealth — figuring  the  per  capita  wealth  of  the  United  States  at 
$2,500,  which  is  only  an  estimate,  and  of  North  Carolina,  at  $418.96 — 
it  would  have  been  $8,000,000;  on  the  basis  of  population  it  was  over 
six  times  that  much. 

It  appears,  therefore,  that  population  was  the  one  basis  of  allot- 
ment that  made  the  War  Savings  task  humanly  impossible  of  ac- 
complishment. 

Retail   Merchants'   Division 

What  the  Retail  Merchants'  Division  of  the  War  Savings  Com- 
mittee did  is  one  of  the  bright  spots  in  the  campaign.  As  has  already 
been  stated,  the  division  was  organized  in  May,  1918,  with  Mr.  John 
L.  Gilmer  as  State  Chairman  and  Mr.  Frank  E.  Griffith  as  State 
Secretary,  and  set  to  the  task  of  selling  $2,312,093.00  worth  of  War 
Savings  Stamps  during  the  year.  Under  the  plan  of  organization 
already  outlined,  the  State  was  divided  into  nine  districts.  The  fol- 
lowing table  shows  what  the  State  as  a  whole,  what  each  district,  and 
what  each  city  or  town  accomplished  in  sales: 


Allotment  Amt.  Sold 

North  Carolina  ___$2,312,093  $3,230,352.25 

Districts — 

Elizabeth    City— $161,249.00  $189,766.93 

New  Bern 520,687.00  353,531.01 

Henderson 257,022.00  306,267.05 

Hamlet   143,414.00  188,036.31 

Raleigh 345,778.00  421,143.73 

Winston-Salem  __  531,447.00  560,048.27 

Charlotte    411,383.00  486,354.62 

Marion    168,693.00  274,839.18 

Asheville    196,762.00  450,364.85 


Per  Cent 

Sold 

Chairman 

139 

John  L.  Gilmer 

117 

w 

.  P.  Duff 

67 

L. 

H.  Cutler,  Jr. 

119 

R. 

G.  S.  Davis 

131 

J. 

Paul  Leonard 

121 

William  Perlstein 

105 

F. 

E.  Griffith 

118 

J. 

F.  Morris 

162 

J. 

H.  Tate 

228 

Archibald  Nichols 

IN   NORTH    CAROLINA 


55 


Allotment  Amt.  Sold 
100%  Towns— 

Ahoskie 4,572.00  5,127.00 

Albemarle    10,474.00  11,963.10 

Andrews 5,083.00  19,041.25 

Apex    4,219.00  8,601.25 

Areola 1,100.00  7,240.00 

Asheboro 9,682.00  13,831.50 

Asheville 92,871.00  276,001.00 

Atlantic    1,000.00  1,656.00 

Ayden    4,702.00  4,802.50 

Badin 12,319.00  13,571.75 

Bakersville 1,750.00  2,300.00 

Battleboro    1,850.00  5,058.00 

Beaufort 12,293.00  25,981.40 

Belmont    5,900.00  7,176.25 

Benson    4,602.00  10,678.37 

Bladenboro 2,300.00  2,577.35 

Bonlee 500.00  10,375.00 

Bostic    1,000.00  1,705.00 

Brevard    4,547.00  4,695.80 

Bryson  City 4,224.00  12,753.75 

Burgaw 4,732.00  6,226.75 

Burlington 23,798.00  60,918.27 

Cane  River 1,250.00  4,008.25 

Canton    6,300.00  7,394.89 

Cerro  Gordo 1,900.00  9,835.75 

Chadbourne 6,147.00  6,976.00 

Chapel  Hill 5,686.00  10,471.91 

Chapenoke 1,400.00  4,021.23 

Charlotte    168,367.00  201,527.00 

Cherokee 800.00  14,015.00 

Clarkton 2,300.00  3,565.00 

Clayton 7,132.00  13,928.00 

Cliffside    1,730.00  9,447.00 

Clyde 1,750.00  2,660.50 

Concord    43,139.00  56,519.50 

Connelly    Springs  1,750.00  6,022.12 

Crabtree 800.00  4,332.25 

Dallas   5,262.00  6,274.00 

Dunn 9,022.00  14,366.80 

Durham 90,292.00  90,418.50 

Edenton    13,814.00  15,135.85 

Elizabeth  City 41,639.00  74,707.28 

Elkin 6,187.00  19,375.00 

Ellerbee    1,700.00  2,250.00 

Elm  City 4,219.00  12,251.25 

Elon  College 1,100.00  1,622.28 

Ellenboro 1,500.00  2,000.00 

Farmville 5,400.00  28,066.25 

Franklin 1,750.00  3,867.00 

Franklinton 6,141.00  6,922.28 

Franklinville 4,050.00  5,265.00 

Four  Oaks 1,750.00  ■    2,090.00 


Per  Cent 

Sold 


Chairman 


112  F.  H.  Weaver 

113  W.  H.  Snuggs 
374  M.  H.  Whitaker 
204  Samuel  Watkins 
658  W.  R.  Reel 

143  S.  B.  Stedman 

296  Archibald  Nichols 

165  Dennis  Mason 

102  R.  W.  Smith  . 

110  J.  W.  Frazier 

131  W.  B.  Young 

274  M.  C.  Braswell 

211  D.  M.  Jones 

122  W.  R.  Suggs 

232  Preston  Woodall 

112  R.   C.  Bridger 

2075  I.  H.  Dunlap 

170  L.  S.  Thomas 

103  B.  W.  Trantham 
302  J.  L.  Gibson 
131  J.  L.  Harrell 

251  Lynn  W.  Whitted 

320  R.  A.  Radford 

117  J.  T.  Duckworth 

517  J.  L.  Williamson 

112  C.  F.  Shelton 

181  R.  Clyde  Andrews 

287  G.  D.  Towe 

113  W.  T.  McCoy 
1752  T.  M.  Jenkins 

155  J.  A.  Singletary 

195  J.  D.  Barbour 

546  Z.  O.  Jenkins 

152  Edwin  Fincher 

131  J.  E.  Davis 
338  D.  P.  Hudson 
541  F.  W.  Messer 

119  E.  M.  Rhyne 

159  Marvin  Wade 

100  L.  B.  Markham 

109  D.  B.  Liles 

179  W.  P.  Duff 

311  E.  F.  McNeer 

132  J.  R.  Bennett 
290  W.  M.  Wells 
147  H.  H.  Kimsey 

133  A.  S.  Harrill 

579  A.  H.  Joyner 

221  C.  W.  Hames 

112  R.  D.  Collins 

130  J.  H.  Marley 

114  J.  G.  Massengile 


56 


THE  WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 


Allotment  Amt.  Sold 

Goldsboro 30,229.00  31,201.31 

Greensboro    77,852.00  81,947.50 

Green  Mountain  _  1,000.00  1,305.00 

Hamilton    1,900.00  6,260.00 

Hamlet   10,755.00  15,691.00 

Heaton 800.00  2,075.47 

Henderson 22,738.00  56,611.95 

Hendersonville  __  16,497.00  33,502.25 

Hertford 10,112.00  14,934.75 

Hickory 20,644.00  28,288.75 

High  Point 47,049.00  49,605.25 

Hillsboro    5,006.00  13,875.07 

Hookerton    3,100.00  18,953.63 

Hot  Springs 2,150.00  7,301.50 

Huntersville    4,392.00  8,237.00 

Jackson 3,994.00  5,978.83 

Jackson  Springs  _  1,000.00  1,161.70 

Jonesboro 4,669.00  9,739.75 

Kings  Mountain  _  10,977.00  14,725.50 

Kinston 34,626.00  53,736.50 

Lake  Toxaway  __  1,100.00  4,523.50 

Laurinburg 11,493.00  16,147.25 

Lexington 20,605.00  41,091.86 

Louisburg 8,786.00  12,224.20 

Macon   2,600.00  2,715.00 

Madison    5,114.00  14,025.25 

Maiden    3,919.00  4,302.75 

Manteo    2,750.00  4,650.50 

Marion    6,617.00  48,317.00 

Marshall 4,839.00  8,380.00 

Mars  Hill 1,750.00  2,156.00 

Maggie    1,750.00  4,588.76 

Mocksville 5,249.00  6,773.44 

Moncure 900.00  2,053.58 

Monroe    20,205.00  27,037.50 

Mooresville    16,830.00  17,400.00 

Morehead  City  __  10,091.00  12,352.17 

Morganton 13,423.00  59,976.50 

Mt.  Airy 19,026.00  27,328.25 

Mt.  Gilead 4,668.00  10,541.32 

Mt.   Olive   5,062.00  19,372.00 

Mt.  Holly 5,301.00  9,244.25 

Murphy 5,735.00  11,877.25 

Marshville 2,750.00  7,600.00 

Nashville    4,050.00  9,990.92 

Norlina 4,162.00  5,630.15 

N.  Wilkesboro  —  12,414.00  13,163.72 

Oak  City 1,750.00  2,046.00 

Old  Fort 3,994.00  5,326.50 

Oxford    14,937.00  17,410.75 

Ore  Hill 900.00  1,050.00 


Per  Cent 
Sold  Chairman 

103  Graves  J.  Smith 
105  C.  H.  McKnight 
130  J.  W.  Howell 

329  P.  L.  Salsburg 

145  L.  A.  Patrick 

259  J.  M.  Heaton 

205  R.  G.  S.  Davis 

203  John  T.  Wilkins 

147  J.  C.  Blanchard 

137  J.  A.  Moretz 

105  Ed.  Freeze 
277  C.  M.  Andrews 
611  N.  F.  Palmer 
349  Ira  Plemmons 
187  S.  C.  Choat 

149  E.  S.  Bowers 

116  W.  L.  Holliday 
208  R.  A.  Watson 

134  C.  Mauney 
161  Dan  Quinerly 

411  C.  R.  McNeely 

140  A.  F.  Blue 

150  T.  C.  Hinkle 
139  G.  W.  Ford 

104  Lawrence  Coleman 
274  A.  W.  Daniel 

109  S.  M.  Finger 

168  C.  W.  Davis 

730  J.  H.  Tate 

173  E.  R.  Tweed 
123  R.  L.  Gibbs 
262  F.  G.  Rippetoe 
129  Rufus  B.  Sanford 
229  T.  B.  Maddox 
133  J.  Watt  Hamilton 
103  C.  A.  Mayhew 
122  R.  H.  Dowdy 

446  Nathan  Lazarus 

143  J.  F.  Prather 

226  T.  R.  Baldwin,  Jr. 

382  S.  D.  Broadhurst 

174  H.  R.  Lewis 
207  C.  A.  Brown 
276  J.  M.  Edwards 

246  R.  M.  Collins 

135  H.  C.  Fleming 

106  J.  E.  Spainhour 

117  H.  S.  Everetts 
133  I.  L.  Copeland 
116  R.  W.  White 
116  D.  K.  Taylor 


IN  NORTH   CAROLINA 


57 


Allotment 

Pee  Dee 3,150.00 

Pikeville 1,950.00 

Proctor 800.00 

Pleasant  Garden  500.00 

Raeford    4,050.00 

Ramseur 5,058.00 

Rockingham    10,667.00 

Rocky  Mount 39,852.00 

Roxboro    7,054.00 

Rural  Hall 1,750.00 

Robbinsville    1,200.00 

Salisbury   35,406.00 

Saluda 1,750.00 

Sanford 6,795.00 

Shelby 9,987.00 

Siler  City 4,395.00 

Smithfield 6,667.00 

Snow  Hill 3,600.00 

Southern  Pines  __  1,994.00 

Spencer 18,036.00 

Spring  Hope 5,962.00 

Stantonsburg 900.00 

Statesville    22,763.00 

Stem    1,000.00 

Stoneville 2,700.00 

Stovall    1,500.00 

Summerfield 1,000.00 

Sylva 3,994.00 

South  Mills 1,250.00 

Spruce  Pine 2,100.00 

Tarboro    20,412.00 

Thomasville 19,190.00 

Trenton 3,900.00 

Troy 5,242.00 

Tryon 4,116.00 

Valdese 1,500.00 

Wadesboro 10,861.00 

Wagram 3,700.00 

Wake  Forest 7,144.00 

Warrenton 4,725.00 

Waynesville    9,940.00 

Whitakers    4,106.00 

Wilson    33,248.00 

Windsor   3,494.00 

Winston-Salem  __  112,394.00 

Winton    3,994.00 

Zebulon 1,700.00 

Winfall   1,750.00 


Per  Cent 

Amt.  Sold 

Sold 

Chairman 

5,298.83 

167 

W.  R.  Boggan 

2,516.00 

128 

W.  E.  Hales 

1,374.80 

171 

J.  G.  Horner 

1,173.25 

234 

C.  H.  McKnight 

9,493.48 

234 

T.  A.  Nesbitt 

5,709.75 

112 

C.  B.  Smith 

40,780.25 

382 

E.  A.  Allen 

40,370.33 

126 

P.  L.  Thigpen 

13,235.75 

172 

A.  M.  Burns 

4,155.00 

237 

A.  L.  Payne 

2,519.50 

209 

Walter  Wiggins 

39,566.50 

112 

C.  G.  McCurdy 

3,293.00 

182 

Dr.  G.  R.  Little 

20,904.00 

307 

L.  P.  Wilkins 

16,821.71 

169 

L.  P.  Holland 

12,986.25 

296 

J.  Spreight  Wrenn 

6,671.25 

100 

H.  C.  Woodall 

8,035.75 

223 

W.  T.  Exum 

3,400.58 

176 

C.  T.  Patch 

20,831.75 

115 

H.  P.  Brandis 

9,472.00 

159 

B.  F.  Wood 

1,800.00 

200 

W.  H.  Applewhite 

44,501.50 

196 

A.  W.  Bunch 

5,562.76 

556 

J.  H.  Gooch 

2,845.00 

105 

R.  L.  Stoneville 

3,720.00 

248 

J.  G.  Harris 

1,885.00 

188 

C.  H.  McKnight 

6,150.50 

155 

M.  Buchannon 

2,913.00 

233 

W.  J.  Eure 

4,090.00 

195 

S.  B.  Cannon 

25,095.27 

123 

J.  E.  Simmons 

25,753.25 

134 

J.  A.  Morris 

5,473.71 

112 

S.  H.  Haywood 

5,813.90 

110 

Barna  Allen 

5,763.00 

140 

B.  L.  Ballinger 

2,920.00 

194 

J.  M.  Brinkley 

72,547.25 

658 

L.  D.  Rivers 

10,314.15 

279 

W.  G.  Buie 

11,090.00 

155 

W.  I.  Holding 

7,077.13 

171 

Alpheus  Jones 

12,146.45 

122 

S.  H.  Bushnell 

4,118.00 

100 

Z.  G.  Mann 

38,551.75 

116     . 

—G.  T.  Fulgher 

18,085.00 

517 

J.  T.  Stokes 

155,497.00 

138 

J.  F.  Morris 

16,718.75 

418 

W.  H.  Lassiter 

3,988.00         236         R.  D.  Nichols 
2,050.00         101         W.  P.  Duff 


58 


THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 


Allotment 

Towns  Less  than  100% 
Aberdeen    4,387.00 

Bath 1,600.00 

Belhaven 14,159.00 

Bessemer  City  ___       7,567.00 

Bethel   1,700.00 

Biscoe   4,219.00 

Black  Mountain  _       2,100.00 

Bixby 500.00 

Belvedere 1,750.00 

Candor    1,000.00 

Carthage 5,507.00 

Cherryville 5,506.00 

Clinton    5,450.00 

Columbia    5,456.00 

Columbus 1,500.00 

Cornelius    7,301.00 

Creedmore 1,500.00 

Currituck  C.  H.__       1,000.00 

Dellwood    800.00 

Dover 3,750.00 

East  Bend 5,287.00 

Elizabethtown 2,300.00 

Fairmont    4,387.00 

Faison 4,050.00 

Fayetteville 34,875.00 

Forest  City 10,879.00 

Fremont 4,707.00 

Garysburg 1,600.00 

Gastonia 28,505.00 

Gibson 3,700.00 

Gibsonville :__      5,087.00 

Glen  Alpine 1,750.00 

Graham 12,319.00 

Greenville    20,299.00 

Halifax   2,750.00 

Haw  River 5,256.00 

Hobgood 1,750.00 

Hope  Mills 4,700.00 

Harris 800.00 

Kenly    3,949.00 

LaGrange 5,456.00 

Leaksville —  ) 

Spray '. \  20,205.00 

Draper —  J 

Lenoir 16,650.00 

Liberty   1,750.00 


Per  Cent 

Amt.  Sold 

Sold 

Chairman 

1,036.25 

24 

F.  H.  Weaver 

10.00 

.6 

T.  A.  Brooks 

61.25 

A 

D.  Lesofsky 

2,884.05 

38 

J.  H.  Wilkins 

500.00 

29 

H.  V.  Staton 

1,918.75 

45 

A.  W.  Burt 

1,150.00 

54 

W.  H.  McMurray 

200.00 

40 

J.  H.  Robertson 

500.00 

20 

W.  P.  Duff 

300.00 

30 

D.  S.  Hurley 

540.00 

10 

F.  S.  Cole 

3,343.93 

41 

L.  C.  McDowlel 

4,336.50 

79 

H.  L.  Boyd 

1,407.00 

25 

S.  J.  Holloway 

236.00 

15 

C.  E.  Shore 

1,105.00 

15 

T.  P.  Howard 

799.00 

52 

A.  B.  Allen 

745.25 

74 

640.00 

80 

C.  A.  Campbell 

2,385.00 

63 

W.  L.  Bell 

3,222.25 

61 

H.  E.  Davis 

1,864.75 

81 

Jas.  H.  Clark 

2,598.15 

39 

W.  N.  Hubbard 

416.38 

10 

Malcohn  McKays 

30,687.36 

88 

Jacob  Stein 

4,052.00 

36 

P.  D.  Harrell 

1,088.25 

23 

C.  R.  Aycock 

665.00 

41 

W.  H.  Joyner 

10,854.75 

38 

W.  B.  Morris 

1,275.00 

34 

Vesper  Adams 

3,750.00 

73 

J.  W.  Burke 

1,550.00 

92 

A.  M.  Davis 

9,370.00 

75 

W.  P.  Green 

13,544.50 

66 

Geo.  B.  W.  Hadley 

1,325.10 

48 

T.  S.  Dickens 

3,681.75 

68 

J.  W.  Simmons 

610.25 

35 

Leon  G.  Shields 

553.50 

12 

J.  A.  Bynum 

388.07 

48 

L.  Williamson 

2,190.00 

55 

R.  A.  Hale 

227.95 

4 

R.  M.  Harper 

10,621.00 

52 

R.  E.  Wall 

10,684.00 

64 

H.  W.  Courtney 

1,059.25 

60 

A.  L.  McPherson 

IN  NORTH    CAROLINA 


59 


Allotment  Amt.  Sold 

Lincolnton 7,443.00  4,737.00 

Lillington 2,100.00  1,096.00 

Lowell 4,950.00  1,902.25 

Lumberton 11,638.00  3,154.40 

Marshallburg    ___  800.00  455.65 

Maxton   6,539.00  1,945.00 

Maysville   3,919.00  1,334.05 

McAdensville 4,864.00  386.00 

Mebane   5,116.00  3,993.14 

Merry  Oaks 3,700.00  138.50 

Mt.  Pleasant 3,919.00  2,335.00 

Murfreesboro 4,962.00  1,298.27 

New  Bern 49,307.00  17,613.81 

Newton 11,464.00  6,534.25 

Northampton  RPD  1,000.00  661.25 

Oriental    3,994.00  1,335.00 

Pantego 2,500.00  935.00 

Pittsboro    4,390.00  3,544.00 

Plymouth 10,727.00  4,231.00 

Pollocksville 2,900.00  925.50 

Powells  Point  —  1,000.00  688.00 

Raleigh 95,016.00  60,603.00 

Randleman 9,070.00  830.00 

Red  Springs 5,389.00  4,024.47 

Reidsville 23,859.00  8,223.50 

Roanoke  Rapids  _  8,267.00  1,186.90 

Robertsville 4,440.00  172.58 

Roper    5,175.00  4,373.14 

Rosemary .6,412.00  2,895.56 

Rowland 4,050.00  870.00 

Rutherfordton 5,256.00  4,311.52 

Rich  Square 2,000.00  301.00 

Salemburg 3,700.00  850.00 

Scotland  Neck  ___  8,543.00  35.00 

Seaboard 1,850.00  1,309.00 

Selma    6,588.00  725.00 

Severn 1,600.00  105.00 

Star   800.00  70.00 

Stokesdale 1,950.00  320.00 

Stoney  Point 800.00  95.50 

Toecane    1,000.00  727.25 

Tyner 800.00  209,00 

Union  Mills 1,200.00  685.00 

Vanceboro    3,900.00  26.80 

Vandemere 3,100.00  1,474.50 

Vein  Mountain  __  800.00  325.75 


Per  Cent 

Sold 


Chairman 


63  J.  L.  Thompson 

52  H.  F.  Atkins 

38  J.  Lynn  Roberson 

26  R.  H.  Crichton 

57  E.  H.  Davis 

29  J.  E.  Morrison 

34  A.  C.  Foscue 

8  J.  W.  Little 

78  H.  E.  Wilkinson 

3  L.  G.  Gunter 
59  H.  E.  Foil 
26  E.  N.  Evans 

35  L.  H.  Cutler,  Jr. 
57  C.  D.  Drum 

66 

33  A.  W.  Haskins 

57  C.  P.  Aycock 

80  A.  H.  London 

40  W.  R.  Hampton 

32  H.  A.  Chadwick 

69  W.  P.  Duff 

63  William  Perlstein 

9  J.  G.  Brown 

74  John  J.  Thrower 

34  R.  H.  Tucker 

14  J.  W.  House 

4  R.  L.  Smith 

84  J.  W.  Williams 

45  Geo.  L.  Hayes,  Jr. 

21  J.  McR.  Bracy 

82  W.  J.  McDaniel 

15  E.  S.  Bowers 

23  A.  E.  Royall 

4  Lewis  B.  Suitor 

76  R.  W.  Edwards 

11  W.  L.  Stancil 

6  C.  H.  Britt 

8  Ernest  Freeman 

16  D.  P.  Lemons 
10  J.  M.  Miller 

72  Blevins  Bros. 

26  W.  P.  Duff 


57 

6 

47 
40 


J.  D.  Morris 

W.  C.  White 
C.  H.  Flowers 
H.  M.  Whitaker 


60 


THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 


Allotment 

Walnut  Cove 3,487.00 

Washington 30,744.00 

Weldon 9,893.00 

Wendel   4,050.00 

Williamston 7,789.00 

Wilmington 127,451.00 

Woodland 1,250.00 

Woodlawn    1,850.00 

Waxhaw 4,130.00 

Yanceyville   1,750.00 


Per  Cent 

Amt.  Sold 

Sold 

Chairman 

1,999.25 

57 

P.  T.  Harrington 

12,818.41 

41 

F.  S.  Worthy 

8,172.75 

82 

L.  W.  Murphy 

3,608.00 

89 

Oscar  Griswald 

137.00 

2 

Simon  Rutenburg 

104,920.49 

82 

George  Honnet 

335.00 

26 

E.  S.  Bowers 

1,500.00 

81 

M.  L.  Good 

263.00 

6 

J.  A.  Williams 

1,100.00 


62 


W.  N.  Harrelson 


The  following  are  the  twenty  leading  towns  of  the  State  in  the 
sale  of  War  Savings  Stamps  by  their  retail  merchants: 


Per  Cent  Allot- 
Toivn  ment  Sold 

Bonlee 2075 

Cherokee    1752 

Marion 730 

Areola 658 

Wadesboro 658 

Hookerton   611 

Farmville 579 

Stem    556 

Cliffside 546 

Crabtree 541 

Cerro  Gordo 517 

Windsor   517 

Morganton 446 

Winton   418 

Lake  Toxaway 411 

Mt.   Olive  382 

Rockingham 382 

Andrews 374 

Hot  Springs 349 

Connelly  Springs 338 


jnding 

Chairman 

1 

I.  H.  Dunlap 

2 

T.  M.  Jenkins 

3 

J.  H.  Tate 

4 

W.  R.  Reel 

5 

L.  D.  Rivers 

6 

N.  F.  Palmer 

7 

A.  H.  Joyner 

8 

J.  H.  Gooch 

9 

Z.  O.  Jenkins 

10 

F.  W.  Messer 

11 

J.  L.  Williamson 

12 

J.  T.  Stokes 

13 

Nathan  Lazarus 

14 

W.  H.  Lassiter 

15 

C.  R.  McNeely 

16 

S.  D.  Broadhurst 

17 

E.  A.  Allen 

18 

M.  H.  Whitaker 

19 

Ira  Plemmons 

20 

D.  P.  Hudson 

The  following  is  a  record  of  the  merchants'  division  in  the  seven 
largest  cities  of  the  State: 


Quota 

Asheville %  92,871.00 

Winston-Salem  __  112,394.00 

Charlotte    168,367.00 

Greensboro    77,852.00 

Durham 90,292.00 

Wilmington 127,451.00 

Raleigh 95,016.00 


Sales 

Per  Cent 

Chairman 

276,001.00 

296 

Archibald   Nichols 

155,497.00 

138 

J.  F.  Morris 

201,527.00 

113 

W.  T.  McCoy 

81,947.00 

105 

C.  H.  McKnight 

90,418.50 

100 

L.  B.  Markham 

104,920.49 

82 

George  Honnet 

60,603.00 

62 

William  Perlstein 

IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  61 

The  Retail  Merchants  of  North  Carolina  led  the  Nation  in  sales, 
as  shown  by  the  following  excerpt  from  a  recent  letter  of  congratulation 
by  Mr.  Harold  Braddock,  Director,  Savings  Division,  War  Loan  Or- 
ganization, Washington : 

"It  may  be  of  interest  to  you  to  know  that  in  no  other  State  has 
the  Retail  Merchants'  Division  accomplished  such  gratifying  sales.  On 
several  occasions  the  smaller  towns  have  succeeded  in  overselling  their 
quotas  to  the  amount  of  four  hundred  per  cent,  but  no  State  has  made 
a  record  to  be  even  compared  with  yours." 

Negroes 

What  the  Negroes  of  North  Carolina,  who  constitute  36  per  cent 
of  the  total  population,  actually  accomplished  in  War  Savings  cannot 
be  determined  with  any  degree  of  accuracy  for  the  reason  that  no 
separate  records  either  of  pledges  or  sales  were  made  for  the  races.  In 
pledges  it  was  noteworthy  that  the  14  black  counties  of  the  State 
pledged  a  larger  per  cent  of  their  allotment  than  the  State  as  a  whole, 
that  the  19  counties  that  subscribed  or  oversubscribed  their  allotment 
had  a  larger  percentage  of  Negroes  than  the  State  as  a  whole,  that 
the  49  Counties  that  had  more  than  an  average  colored  population 
pledged  above  the  average  of  the  State,  that  the  51  Counties  that 
pledged  15  per  cent  over  the  average  for  the  State  had  4  per  cent 
over  an  average  of  the  colored  population  of  the  State.  In  sales  the 
record  of  the  Negroes  is  equally  incomplete.  No  effort  whatever  has 
been  made  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  Stamps  owned  by  Negroes.  But 
it  is  worth  noting  that  Edgecombe  County — one  of  the  two  Counties 
of  the  State  that  oversold  its  allotment,  the  other  one  being  Forsyth — 
has  a  population  60  per  cent  colored.  The  following  table  shows  the 
per  cent  of  colored  population  and  the  per  cent  of  its  War  Savings 
allotment  sold  in  each  of  the  14  black  Counties: 

Per  Cent 
Colored 
County 

Warren   66 

Halifax    64 

Edgecombe 60 

Hertford   59 

Bertie 58 

Northampton 58 

Craven 57 

Scotland    55 

Chowan 54 

Anson    52 

Caswell  51 

Vance 50 

Perquimans   50 

Pasquotank    50 

North  Carolina 36 


Per  Cent 

Allotment 

Sold 

Stand 

50.64 

48 

48.59 

51 

106.58 

2 

55.35 

39 

38.61 

67 

50.72 

47 

53.03 

45 

31.87 

80 

75.66 

13 

72.02 

20 

34.19 

79 

61.79 

29 

68.86 

24 

65.48 

26 

56.80 

62  THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 

Six  of  the  fourteen  black  counties  sold  more  than  the  average  per 
cent  for  the  State,  ten  of  them  rank  in  the  first  half  and  six  of  them 
in  the  first  third  of  the  Counties.  So  it  appears,  beyond  a  doubt,  that 
the  Negro  either  bought  his  proportionate  part  of  War  Savings  Stamps 
or  else  made  it  possible  for  the  white  person  near  him  to  buy  more 
than  his  part.  The  colored  people  did  credit  to  their  race  in  the  War 
Savings  Campaign. 

North  Carolina's  Record  in  Dollars 

If  one  measures  North  Carolina's  War  Savings  record  in  terms 
of  money  he  finds  that  the  record  is  incomplete.  That  is,  North  Caro- 
lina, asked  to  sell  among  its  people  $48,666,380,  sold  only  $27,649,397 ; 
asked  to  sell  100  per  cent  of  its  allotment,  it  sold  only  56.80  per  cent; 
asked  to  invest  $20  per  capita,  it  invested  only  $11.36;  asked  to  invest 
nearly  5  per  cent  of  its  wealth  in  War  Savings  Stamps,  it  invested 
only  2.71  per  cent. 

Reasons   Why   Allotment   Not   Attained 

At  present  the  reasons  why  North  Carolina  did  not  and  could 
not  attain  its  allotment  are  clearly  understood  by  the  people;  but  in 
the  years  to  come  the  obstacles  confronting  the  campaign  may  be  for- 
gotten or  overlooked  and  the  campaign  itself  stand  as  the  only  un- 
completed War  obligation  of  the  State.  For  the  sake  of  history,  there- 
fore, it  is  proper  here  to  set  down  the  difficulties — some  of  them  in- 
superable— that  the  campaign  had  to  encounter. 

Other   Campaigns 

In  the  first  place,  the  War  Savings  Campaign  was  sidetracked, 
off  and  on,  the  year  round  to  give  the  main  line  to  other  War  efforts. 
In  April,  for  instance,  it  had  to  give  way  for  the  Third  Liberty  Loan; 
in  May,  for  the  Red  Cross  Campaign;  in  September,  for  the  Fourth 
Liberty  Loan ;  and  in  November,  for  the  Allied  War  Relief  Campaign. 
Only  during  the  lean  months  of  June,  July,  and  August  did  War 
Savings  have  the  right-of-way. 

Epidemic   of   Influenza 

In  the  second  place,  the  War  Savings  Campaign  was  almost  com- 
pletely paralyzed  by  the  first  epidemic  of  influenza — the  one  in  October. 
October  had  been  given  over  to  pledge-redemption  in  order  not  to  in- 
terfere with  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  subscriptions.  The  clerical 
work  incident  to  the  pledge-redemption  campaign  and  the  field  work 
necessary  to  keep  the  clerical  work  going  were  both  practically  stopped 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  63 

by  the  epidemic.  At  one  time  six  of  the  eight  field  representatives  were 
out  on  account  of  the  influenza.  The  series  of  district  conferences 
in  November  to  plan  for  the  December  drive  was  greatly  affected. 
As  has  already  been  stated,  the  conference  at  Raleigh  had  to  be  held  in 
sections,  the  one  at  Asheville  had  to  be  moved  to  Hendersonville,  the 
one  at  Salisbury  had  to  be  moved  to  Statesville,  and  the  attendance  at 
all  of  them  was  greatly  reduced. 

Armistice 

In  the  midst  of  the  November  conferences  came  the  signing  of 
the  Armistice  and  the  end  of  fighting.  At  once  the  people  felt  that 
the  War  was  over,  that  the  Government  did  not  need  any  more  money. 
Plans  had  been  laid  at  the  district  conferences  to  combat  a  reaction 
by  having  the  War  workers  in  every  community  meet  on  Thanks- 
giving Day.  But  once  more  the  elements  were  at  enmity  with  War 
Savings  plans  and  the  Thanksgiving  Day  meetings  were  rained  out 
quite  as  completely  as  the  North  Carolina  Day  meetings  had  been 
rained  out  in  December,  1917.  Then,  too,  a  recrudescence  of  the  in- 
fluenza neutralized  what  enthusiasm  and  determination  to  put  the 
State  "over  the  top"  had  been  engendered  during  the  November  con- 
ferences. 

Prices  of  Cotton  and  Peanuts 

But  in  spite  of  the  reaction  due  to  the  Armistice  and  the  enerva- 
tion due  to  the  influenza,  the  people  of  North  Carolina  were  pre- 
paring to  make  a  determined  effort  during  December.  Then  it  was 
that  two  other  untoward  events  arose.  Farmers  of  the  Eastern 
counties  had  incurred  expense  of  production  and  in  June  had  pledged 
to  buy  Stamps  on  the  basis  of  thirty-five  cent  cotton  and  ten-cent 
peanuts,  which  they  had  been  led  to  expect.  But  during  the  Fall 
the  price  of  cotton  had  dropped  to  twenty-five  cents  and  the  peanut 
market  was  sluggish  even  at  five  cents.  Local  bankers  had  financed 
farmers  in  making  and  housing  their  crops  and  expected  to  receive 
payment  of  the  outstanding  notes  during  the  Fall.  But  the  farmers 
did  not  market  their  crops,  waiting  for  better  prices,  and  consequently, 
the  banks  were  unable  to  lend  them  money  with  which  to  redeem 
their  War  Savings  pledges.  The  result  was  that  thousands  of  per- 
fectly good  War  Savings  pledges  were  unredeemed  on  December  31. 

Shortage  of  Supply  of  Stamps 

On  the  last  few  days  of  the  campaign  the  shortage  of  stamps 
was  general  throughout  the  State.  Rocky  Mount  and  Winston-Salem, 
for  instance,  were  completely  out  of  stamps  on  December  30  and  31. 
Where   the  postoffices,   banks,   and   other   agencies  were  properly   ad- 


64  THE  WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 

vised,  they  received  the  money  tendered  for  Stamps,  gave  their  receipts 
for  it,  and  delivered  the  Stamps  as  early  in  the  New  Year  as  they  were 
received.  But  it  is  to  be  feared  that  a  large  percentage  of  the  agencies 
did  not  adopt  this  plan  and  lost  the  sales  altogether. 

That  many  who  were  unable,  for  one  reason  or  another,  to  buy 
the  Stamps  in  December  for  which  they  had  pledged,  redeemed  their 
pledges,  in  spirit  if  not  in  letter,  by  purchasing  Stamps  in  January  is 
shown  by  the  fact,  as  announced  in  Washington,  that  North  Carolina 
during  January  led  all  the  Southern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  both 
in  total  and  per  capita  sales.  The  January  sales  of  the  other  Southern 
States  east  of  the  Mississippi  is  as  follows: 

Total  Sales  Per  Capita  Sales 

State                                                                     in  January  in  January 

Virginia 1,290,784  .58 

North  Carolina 2,043,184  .82 

South  Carolina 838,013  .50 

Georgia 1,569,042  .53 

Florida    308,355  .82 

Alabama  634,706  .26 

Mississippi   1,005,790  .50 

Louisiana    793,123  .42 

Tennessee    1,086,274  .47 

When  one  considers  these  difficulties  of  the  War  Savings  Cam- 
paign— the  other  War  efforts  that  side-tracked  it,  the  epidemic,  the 
Armistice,  the  drop  in  the  prices  of  crops,  and  the  shortage  of  Stamps — 
he  must  conclude  that  the  campaign  was  a  success  even  though  measured 
in  terms  of  money. 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  65 


CHAPTER   VI. 

The  Permanent  Good  of  the 
War  Savings  Campaign 

The  success  of  the  War  Savings  Campaign  should  not  be  judged 
so  much  by  the  amount  of  money  it  turned  into  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States  as  by  the  effect  it  had  upon  the  life  and  character  of 
the  people.  The  tangible  fruit  of  the  campaign,  of  course,  is  twenty- 
seven  and  one-half  million  dollars  saved  in  1918  to  be  paid  back  in 
1923  to  constitute  an  immense  working  capital  to  be  distributed  among, 
perhaps,  seven  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  people  of  every  walk  of  life. 
Altogether  incalculable  is  the  good  that  this  huge  sum  should  do  in 
paying  wages,  developing  resources,  building  schools  and  churches  and 
in  getting  young  people  started  in  the  world.  But  may  this  twenty- 
seven  and  one-half  dollars  not  be  merely  the  seed  from  which  will 
grow  many  blessings  that  cannot  be  counted  in  terms  of  money  or 
even  of  material  prosperity. 

At  the  end  of  the  campaign  of  1918  a  questionaire  was  sub- 
mitted to  each  county  chairman  in  which  the  question  was  asked:  "In 
what  respects  do  you  consider  that  the  War  Savings  Campaign  of 
1918  did  the  people  of  your  county  good?"  The  following  is  a  sym- 
posium of  their  answers. 

Thrift 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  made  our  jpeople  more  thrifty. 
Thrift  is  the  virtue  which  manifests  itself  in  habits  of  industry  and 
economy. 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  made  people  more  industrious  by 
convincing  them  of  the  need  of  increased  production  and  by  arousing 
in  them  the  desire  to  produce  more  as  a  means  of  helping  to  win  the 
war  and  to  serve  humanity.  The  new  spirit  of  industry  has  manifested 
itself  in  the  farm-boys  planting  Victory  Acres  and  the  farm-girls  Thrift 
Gardens,  in  boys  and  girls  everywhere  earning  money  with  which  to 
buy  Stamps,  and  in  people  of  all  ages  and  circumstances  working  with 
a  new  motive. 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  made  people  more  economical  by 
convincing  them  of  the  sin  of  waste,  by  showing  them  how  they  could 
help  win  the  War,  by  economizing  in  the  consumption  of  labor  and 
material,  and  in  offering  them  a  safe  and  convenient  means  of  in- 
vesting their  savings.  For  the  first  time,  the  child  with  his  pennies 
saved  and  the  laborer  with  his  dollar  taken  from  his  pay-envelope  had 


66  THE   WAR-SAVINGS   CAMPAIGN   OF  1918 

a  way  to  invest  their  savings  at  any  time  and  at  any  one  of  over  eight 
thousand  places  in  the  State  by  purchasing  Government  bonds — 
called  War  Savings  Certificates — that  bore  as  good  or  better  rate  of 
interest  than  Liberty  Bonds  themselves.  It  opened  the  eyes  of  business 
men — even  of  those  who  had  considered  themselves  prudent — to  the 
value  of  small  items.  If  millions  of  dollars  could  be  accumulated  by 
saving  of  quarters,  then  millions  could  be  scattered  by  the  waste  of 
quarters.  Hereafter  men  will  be  more  regardful  of  the  small  leaks 
and  extravagancies  in  their  business. 

Patriotism 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  made  our  people  more  patriotic.  In 
the  beginning  of  the  campaign  Governor  Bickett  said  that  it  would 
be  worth  while  if  it  did  nothing  more  than  teach  our  people  the 
necessity  and  righteousness  of  the  War.  The  chorus  of  opinions  of 
the  County  Chairmen  is  that  the  campaign  not  only  reconciled  our 
people  to  the  War,  but  even  made  them  hearty  supporters  of  it  in 
sections  where  real  opposition  to  the  War  had  existed.  One  could 
not  make  a  War  Savings  appeal  without  at  the  same  time  explaining 
the  necessity  and  maintaining  the  righteousness  of  the  War.  War 
Savings  speakers,  who  went  into  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  State, 
to  a  greater  extent  than  speakers  have  ever  done  before,  made  them- 
selves real  educators  of  the  people.  They  told  the  people  in  the  re- 
mote sections  what  the  War  was  about,  how  it  started,  why  we  were 
in  it,  what  defeat  would  cost  us,  what  victory  might  cost  us,  and 
what  part  each  one  of  us  had  in  it.  The  people  were  made  to  see 
that  it  was  a  people's  rather  than  a  Government's  or  an  Administration's 
War.  They  were  made  to  see  that  they,  themselves,  were  warriors 
the  same  as  their  boys  in  khaki  were.  For  the  first  time  the  people 
realized  their  partnership  with  the  Government.  What  else  could 
have  created  750,000  Government  bond-holders  in  a  State  in  which 
not  over  8,000  people  had  even  so  much  as  seen  a  Government  bond 
before  the  War. 

Not  only  did  the  people  come  to  have  a  new  interest  in  and  a 
more  active  loyalty  to  their  country  but  they  came  to  have  a  new 
vision  of  the  world  and  their  part  in  it.  When  the  soldiers  return 
with  a  new  interest  in  world  problems — as  they  most  certainly  will — 
they  will  find  a  people  who  know  infinitely  more  about  and  are  in- 
finitely more  interested  in  the  world  at  large  tHan  they  were  before 
the  War  enlarged  their  horizon. 

Community  Spirit 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  helped  to  create  a  finer  community 
spirit.  It  brought  town  and  county  together.  It  put  politicians,  busi- 
ness men,  and  preachers  on  the  same  platform  to  speak  or  on  the  same 


IN   NORTH    CAROLINA  67 

team  to  solicit  pledges.  It  made  yoke-fellows  of  Democrats,  Republicans 
and  Socialists.  It  stimulated  local  pride.  There  was  a  desire  for 
North  Carolina  to  secure  its  allotment;  and  a  greater  desire  for  the 
county  to  secure  its  share;  but  the  greatest  desire  of  all  was  for  ihe 
township  or  ward  to  do  its  part.  Consequently,  men  and  women  of 
every  class  and  calling  worked  together  in  a  common  cause  and  here- 
after it  will  be  infinitely  easier  for  any  worthy  cause  to  command  a 
united  community  support.  In  one  of  the  towns  of  North  Carolina, 
for  instance,  it  had  been  conceded  that  the  people  would  not  work 
together.  A  new  man  in  the  community — a  preacher — saw  in  the 
War  Savings  Campaign  his  opportunity  to  start  community  team  work. 
One  of  the  first  day-time  mass  meetings  of  the  history  of  the  town 
was  a  War  Savings  meeting.  The  people  rallied  to  that  heartily.  It 
was  regarded  as  really  the  beginning  of  a  community  spirit  in  that 
town  that  would  thereafter  make  possible  all  kinds  of  worthy  commu- 
nity efforts. 

Race  Relations 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  did  much  to  improve  the  relations 
between  the  white  and  colored  races  in  North  Carolina.  What  prob- 
lems the  returning  colored  soldier  may  give  rise  to  cannot  be  dis- 
cerned yet  awhile.  But  whatever  these  problems  may  be,  the  War 
Savings  Campaign  will  have  already  done  much  to  put  the  people  of 
both  races  into  the  proper  frame  of  mind  to  deal  with  them  wisely 
and  solve  them  satisfactorily. 

In  the  War  Savings  Campaign,  the  Negro  had  upon  his  shoulder 
the  responsibility  of  doing  a  full  citizen's  part.  That  is,  he  was  ex- 
pected to  invest  $20  per  capita  the  same  as  anybody  else.  The  best 
men  of  his  race — business  men  and  professional — devoted  their  time 
and  thought  to  the  War  Savings  cause.  The  voice  of  community 
builders  and  patriots  was  heard  above  the  din  of  politicians  and  race 
agitators.  The  white  people  of  the  State  have  learned  who  the  real, 
dependable  leaders  among  the  Negroes  are  and  have  a  new  apprecia- 
tion of  their  worth.  The  colored  people,  themselves,  on  the  other 
hand,  now  know  better  than  ever  the  constructive  leaders  of  the  white 
race.  Controversial  matters- — politics  and  social  life — were  absent  from 
their  thought.  A  great  common  cause  of  their  country's  safety  and 
humanity's  welfare  was  uppermost  in  the  thoughts  of  speakers  and 
audiences.  The  colored  people  of  the  State  saw  the  white  people  at 
their  best  and  the  white  people  saw  the  colored  people  at  their  best. 
The  colored  War  Savings  workers  of  North  Carolina  constitute  the 
nucleus  of  a  non-political  organization  of  Negroes  with  whom  the 
white  people  of  the  State  may  safely  deal  in  grappling  with  any 
race  problems  that  may  arise  in  the  near  future. 


68  THE  WAR-SAVINGS  CAMPAIGN  OF  1918 

Self-Reliance 

The  War  Savings  Campaign  made  our  people  more  self-confident 
and  self-reliant.  It  showed  them  how  to  become  economically  inde- 
pendent citizens.  More  than  that,  it  astounded  them  to  realize  their 
own  ability.  It  had  taken  them  over  two  hundred  years  to  aaccumulate 
savings  of  $24  per  capita.  Whoever  would  have  dared  say  that  they 
could  increase  their  per  capita  savings  by  nearly  fifty  per  cent  in 
one  year's  time!  Yet  that  is  just  what  they  have  done.  Knowing 
North  Carolina  as  it  is — five  hundred  miles  in  length,  sparsely  settled 
in  many  sections,  with  three  counties  without  a  railroad  and  two  with- 
out a  bank,  with  one-third  of  its  population  colored  and  with  colored 
people  constituting  two-thirds  of  the  population  in  some  sections — 
whoever  would  have  dared  say  that  in  one  year's  time  one  person  in 
three — white  and  black,  man,  woman,  and  child — would  become  an 
investor  in  Government  bonds  to  the  extent  of  $11.00  per  capita,  not 
to  mention  the  investment  in  Liberty  Bonds.  Yet  that  very  thing  has 
been  accomplished.  Our  people  have  a  new  confidence  in  and  reliance 
upon  themselves,  and  hereafter  a  problem — even  an  imposing  one — 
will  be  accepted  as  a  challenge  rather  than  as  an  occasion  for  despair. 

Conclusion 

What  is,  perhaps,  the  keenest  satisfaction  to  the  State  Director 
and  his  associates  is  the  way  the  workers  over  the  State  regard  their 
part  in  the  Campaign.  One  of  the  leading  field  workers  said  at  the 
end  of  the  Campaign  that  he  considered  that  he  had  accomplished 
more  good  in  1918  in  War  Savings  work  than  in  any  previous  year 
of  his  life.  A  County  Chairman,  whose  county  oversubscribed  its 
allotment,  refers  to  the  Campaign  as  a  great  blessing  to  his  County. 
Another  chairman,  speaking  of  the  effect  of  the  Campaign  upon  the 
children,  said,  "I  believe  the  children  of  this  day  will  become  a  more 
loyal  and  dependable  manhood  and  womanhood  than  they  would 
otherwise  have  done."  Still  another  chairman  says  that  War  Savings 
"opened  a  new  era"  where  War  Savings  Societies  were  organized  in 
in  the  schools. 

What  a  privilege  it  was  to  participate  in  a  Campaign  that  made 
one  of  its  most  consistent  workers,  a  County  Chairman,  express  the 
following  sentiment:  "I  want  to  say  that  my  work  for  War  Savings 
has  meant  more  to  me  than  anything  I  ever  undertook.  It  made  me 
learn  my  county  and  her  people,  and  the  sacrifices  that  the  great  majority 
of  my  workers  made  in  doing  the  actual  work  filled  me  with  pride." 

The  End. 


Barber  Printing  Company 

Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00032771714 


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